Red Line (CTA)

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Red Line
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A Red Line train of 5000-series cars at Garfield station
Overview
StatusOperational
LocaleChicago, Illinois, United States
TerminiPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Stations33 (4 under construction)
Service
TypeRapid transit
SystemChicago "L"
Operator(s)Chicago Transit Authority
Depot(s)Howard Yard, 98th Yard
Rolling stock5000-series
8-car trains (typical, maximum)
Daily ridership114,598 (avg. weekday 2024)
History
OpenedOldest section: May 31, 1900; 126 years ago (1900-05-31)
Current operation: February 21, 1993; 33 years ago (1993-02-21)
Technical
Line lengthScript error: No such module "ConvertIB".21.8 mi (35.1 km) (5.6 mi (9.0 km) under construction)
Track lengthScript error: No such module "ConvertIB".
CharacterEmbankment, elevated, subway, and expressway median
Track gaugePage Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
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ElectrificationTemplate:600 V DC
Operating speedScript error: No such module "ConvertIB".
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Route map
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The Red Line is a rapid transit line in Chicago, run by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) as part of the Chicago "L" system. It is the busiest line on the "L" system, with an average of 108,303 passengers boarding each weekday in 2023[1] The route is 21.8 miles (35.1 km) long with a total of 33 stations. It runs elevated from the Howard station in the Rogers Park neighborhood on the North Side, through the State Street subway on the Near North Side, Downtown, and the South Loop, and then through the Dan Ryan Expressway median to 95th/Dan Ryan in the Roseland neighborhood on the South Side.

Like Chicago's Blue Line, the Red Line runs 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, making Chicago, New York City, and Copenhagen the only three cities in the world that operate train service 24 hours a day throughout their city limits.[2]

The CTA is currently building an extension of the Red Line, adding 5.6 miles (9.0 km) and four new stations which would extend the line from 95th Street to 130th Street, making the Red Line approximately 31 miles in length with 37 stations.[3] In December 2022, the Chicago City Council approved the creation of a district that will send approximately $1 billion in tax revenue for the extension of the Red Line south of 95th Street to 130th Street.[4]

Route

North Side Main Line

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The northern terminus of the Red Line is Template:Cta in the Rogers Park neighborhood of Chicago, on the north side. The Red Line extends southeasterly on an elevated embankment structure about a half-mile west of the lakefront to Touhy Avenue then turns south along Glenwood Avenue to Morse station.

From there the route swings on a sweeping reverse curve to the east to Sheridan Road, adjacent to Loyola University Chicago and continues southerly parallel to Broadway to the east (in Edgewater), and follows Broadway to Leland Avenue. From here, the route transitions from concrete embankment to steel elevated structure. The "L" continues southward running adjacent the Graceland Cemetery, Irving Park Road and Sheffield Avenue from Uptown to Lincoln Park. The Brown Line (Ravenswood), joins the Red Line tracks just north of Template:Cta.

South of Belmont, Red, Brown and Purple Line Express trains run side-by-side on the four track North Side "L" to Template:Cta. Red Line trains run on the two middle tracks, only making two stops at Template:Cta & Template:Cta and skipping Template:Cta, Template:Cta and Template:Cta.

Wrigley Field, home of the Chicago Cubs, is served by the Template:Cta station. Additionally, Rate Field, home of the Chicago White Sox, is served by the Template:Cta station.

The North Side Main Line of the Red Line travels from Howard station to Armitage station.

State Street subway

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Red Line platform at Jackson station
Red Line platform at Jackson in the State Street subway

After running through Armitage, the Red Line descends to a portal at Willow Street and enters the subway, turning southeast on Clybourn Avenue, east at Division Street, and south at State Street through the Loop to Roosevelt Road. South of Roosevelt Road, there is a junction, with one pair of tracks curving to the east and leaving the subway at 13th Street and connecting to the old South Side "L" at 18th and State Streets. This section was used from October 1943 until February 1993, when trains from Howard were routed to the Englewood and Jackson Park branches, today known as the south branches of the Green Line.

The 13th Street portal is now used for non-service train moves and emergency purposes. The 13th Street portal was used again for regular "L" service from May until October 2013, because Red Line trains were rerouted to the Green Line's South Side Main Line tracks and terminated at Template:Cta during the five months of the Red Line South Reconstruction Project. This service was used again from April to November 2017 and July 2018 to April 2019.

The Red Line is the only Chicago "L" line that connects to all seven other "L" lines full time. The Purple Line shares the distinction only when it runs its weekday rush hour route.

Dan Ryan branch

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File:20160329 16 CTA Red Line L @ 47th St. (32033735841).jpg
Red Line train at 47th station

At 13th Street, the subway swings away from State Street on a reverse curve to the southwest then rises to another portal at 16th Street adjacent Metra's Rock Island District line. The Red Line leaves at 16th Street and continues southward on an elevated structure to 24th Street. There is a stop at Template:Cta on this portion.

South of Cermak Road, the Red Line tracks enter the median strip of the Franklin Street Connector, The Red Line then tunnels beneath the expressway interchange between 28th and 30th Streets and continues the rest of the way to 95th Street in the median of the Dan Ryan Expressway (Interstate 90 & 94). Chicago pioneered using expressway medians for local "L" train lines (the other two being the Eisenhower Expressway and Kennedy Expressway, which both carry portions of the Blue Line). The Red Line follows the Dan Ryan the rest of the way to the Template:Cta terminal in Roseland.

The 98th Yard lies just south and east of the Dan Ryan–Bishop Ford Freeway interchange. Beyond the interchange, the Dan Ryan Expressway and Bishop Ford Freeway both continue towards the south city limits without a transit line in the median strips, but were built with wide grass medians in which future extensions of the rapid transit line remain an option. An extension to 130th Street is now under construction. This extension includes three elevated stations at 103rd, 111th, and Michigan, an at-grade terminal station at 130th, with a new Rail Yard facility at 120th Street.

Stations along the Red Line serve important Chicago landmarks such as Rate Field and the Illinois Institute of Technology (Template:Cta), DePaul University (Template:Cta), the Auditorium Building of Roosevelt University (Template:Cta) and Loyola University Chicago (Template:Cta), as well as the Magnificent Mile (Chicago), Navy Pier (Template:Cta), Museum Campus (Roosevelt), and Chinatown (Template:Cta).

In May 2013, the branch, along with all nine stations, closed for five months to allow the replacement of the tracks and for construction crews to improve the stations on the branch. The newly reconstructed Dan Ryan branch and the nine stations reopened in October 2013.[5]

Rolling stock

File:CTA L 5506 at Addison station on Red Line.jpeg
Red Line train made up of 5000-series cars at Addison station

The Red Line is operated with the Bombardier-built 5000-series railcars. From 2012 until October 2013, the Red Line was operated with the 2400-series cars, during weekday rush hours, and from 1993 until 2015, the Red Line was operated with the 2600-series cars. As the 5000-series cars were delivered, the Red Line's 2600-series cars were transferred to other lines to replace the 2400-series cars. From October 2013 until April 2014, several of the Red Line's 2600-series cars were transferred over to the Purple Line as they were displaced on the Red Line by the 5000-series cars.

Beginning in June 2014, CTA began to transfer the 2600-series cars from the Red Line over to the Blue Line due to them being newer than the existing Blue Line cars. The Blue Line's older 2600-series cars were transferred to the Orange Line as an interim replacement for its 2400-series cars. Beginning in October 2014, CTA started transferring some of the Red Line's 2600-series cars to the Orange Line, replacing the Orange Line's remaining 2400-series cars until the Red Line was fully equipped with the 5000-series cars.

Operating hours and headways

Like the Blue Line, the Red Line runs 24 hours a day. On weekdays, service runs very frequently at 30 tph (trains per hour) during rush hour, and 8 tph during the midday and nighttime. On Saturdays, 6 tph in the early morning, then increase to 10–11 tph during the day, then 8 tph at night. On Sundays, service runs 6 tph early morning, then increases to 8tph all day into early evening, 6 tph later at night. Between approximately midnight and 5:30 a.m., night owl service on the Red Line ranges between ten and fifteen minutes (4–6 tph).[6]

History

Template:Howard-Englewood-Jackson Park Template:Maplink The oldest section of the line opened on May 31, 1900, running from the Loop to Wilson.[7] It was constructed by the Northwestern Elevated Railroad. The route was extended to Central Street in Evanston on May 16, 1908, via leased and electrified trackage belonging to the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway. In November 1913, the North Side "L" was through routed with the South Side "L" lines through the Loop. The ground-level section between Leland Avenue and Howard Street was elevated on a concrete embankment structure and widened to four tracks in 1922.

The State Street subway opened on October 17, 1943, providing two new tracks bypassing the Loop tracks and the portion of the North and South Side "L" lines not equipped with express tracks. By providing an express route free of the most restrictive curves on the Chicago "L" and shorter than the old line it supplemented, the subway reduced running time by as much as eleven minutes for a one-way trip. The route was placed in operation on October 17, 1943,[8] for a portion of the through north–south trains, although other trains continued to use the "L" both on through trips and on services circling the Loop and returning to the point of origin.

File:20110327 48 CTA South Side L @ 13th St..jpg
The 13th Street incline saw regular service until 1993.

In August 1949, the North–South route was revised to create a more efficient routing through the Loop and handle the heavy volumes of passenger traffic using it.[9][10] The Howard branch was paired with the Englewood and Jackson Park branches through the State Street subway, using the 13th Street portal and the other lines routed to the Loop "L".

The Dan Ryan Branch opened in September 1969, and was paired with the Lake Street branch to form the West-South route, almost universally referred to as the Lake–Dan Ryan route.[11] It operated over the Lake Street and Wabash Avenue sides of the Union Loop. This "interim" service was created mainly for the purpose of providing through service between the West Side and the South Side in anticipation of the 1968 Loop Subway Project. When the controversial subway project was cancelled in 1979, the Lake-Dan Ryan service remained and lasted for 24 years.

For much of the 20th century, the Howard–Englewood/Jackson Park route was equally compatible in terms of passenger service until the late 1960s through the 1970s. However, passenger traffic volumes began to shift on the South Side lines, with more riders using the newer Dan Ryan Line (which runs four miles (6 km) further south) and fewer riders on the older "L" lines. This level of ridership allowed the CTA to develop a more efficient system by combining the more heavily used rail lines together and combining the other lines together, providing increased service capacity for the routes that need it. The Red Line was created in 1993, when the CTA adopted color-coded system for all of its "L" routes.

In February 1993, a new connection opened from the State Street Subway south of Roosevelt to Cermak–Chinatown. The Howard branch was paired with the Dan Ryan branch to form the current Red Line, while the Lake Street branch was paired with the Englewood and Jackson Park branches to form the Green Line. A further operational benefit of this switch was that this freed up capacity in the Loop needed for the addition of the Orange Line to Midway Airport. The former tracks used to move West-South trains from the Loop to the Dan Ryan line are still retained for non-revenue moves and service disruptions.

The Dan Ryan Branch underwent a rehabilitation period to improve its aging infrastructure which ended in early 2007.[12] This work included upgrading the power and signal systems, and rehabilitating the stations with improved lighting, a cleaner appearance, and new escalators and elevators. The CTA has plans to expand Red Line service to ten car trains from the current eight-car trains.[13]

Red Ahead rehabilitation

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". In spring 2012, the CTA started a station and track rehabilitation program dubbed "Red Ahead",[14] beginning on the North Side Main Line, which is called the "Red North" project.[15] The program monitors the full route of the Red Line, excluding the Loyola, Bryn Mawr, Sheridan, or Wilson station.[16] This also does not include stations between Wilson through Fullerton, nor the State Street subway. In May 2012, the CTA started to work on the North Side Main Line stations of the Red Line which includes Jarvis, Morse, Granville, Thorndale, Berwyn, Argyle and Lawrence. The stations are listed in order, starting at Granville, then Morse, Thorndale, Argyle, Berwyn, Lawrence and finally Jarvis. This project started in June 2012 and was completed in December 2012. This project is also part of the Red Ahead's "Red & Purple Modernization" Project.[17]

The Red and Purple Modernization Project included a redesign of a diamond junction north of Belmont Station into a flyover for Brown Line trains. This project was expected to decrease train backups and increase the number of trains that can cross the junction per hour.[18] The project was criticized by 2015 mayoral candidate Chuy García and local residents in the Lakeview neighborhood who organized a referendum to stop it.[19][20] The Federal Transit Administration passed the CTA's environmental review on the flyover in January 2016 and received a $1.1 billion federal grant the following year.[21][22] 16 properties affected by the flyover were demolished. Construction began on October 2, 2019,[23][24][25] and the flyover entered service on November 19, 2021.[26]

Upcoming extension

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The Red Line Extension is a rapid transit extension project that will extend the Red Line south from the 95th/Dan Ryan station to the future 130th station. Construction is scheduled to occur between 2026 and 2030, with the project costing $5.7 billion. Construction began on April 24, 2026.[27][28][29]

Station listing

Location Station Connections
Rogers Park Template:Cta Disabled access Parking Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Template:Cta
Template:Cta Bus interchange CTA buses:  96   155 
Template:Cta Disabled access Bus interchange CTA buses:  147   155 
Edgewater Template:Cta Disabled access Bus interchange CTA buses:  36   136   147   151 
Template:Cta Bus interchange CTA buses:  36   136   147   151 
Template:Cta Disabled access Bus interchange CTA buses:  36   84   136   147   151 
Template:Cta Disabled access Bus interchange CTA buses:  36   92   136   146   147   151 
Uptown Template:Cta Disabled access Bus interchange CTA buses:  36   151 
Template:Cta Disabled access Bus interchange CTA buses:  36   81   151 
Template:Cta Disabled access File:Chicago Transit Authority Logo.svg Chicago "L": Template:Rcb
Bus interchange CTA buses:  36   78   151 
Lake View Template:Cta Bus interchange CTA buses:  X9   80   151 
Template:Cta Disabled access Bus interchange CTA buses:  22   152 
Template:Cta Disabled access File:Chicago Transit Authority Logo.svg Chicago "L": Template:Rcb Template:Rcb
Bus interchange CTA buses:  22   77 
Lincoln Park Template:Cta Disabled access File:Chicago Transit Authority Logo.svg Chicago "L": Template:Rcb Template:Rcb
Bus interchange CTA buses:  37   74 
Near North Side Template:Cta Bus interchange CTA buses:  8   N9   72 
Template:Cta Disabled access Bus interchange CTA buses:  22   36   70   156 
Template:Cta Disabled access Bus interchange CTA buses:  36   66 
Template:Cta Disabled access Bus interchange CTA buses:  29   36   65 
The Loop Template:Cta Disabled access Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Template:Cta Closed October 23, 2006
Template:Cta Bus interchange CTA buses:  2   6   10   J14   20   22   24   29   36   56   60   62   124   146   147   148   151   157 
Template:Cta Disabled access Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Template:Cta Bus interchange CTA buses:  2   6   10   29   62   146   148 
The Loop/
Near South Side 		Template:Cta Disabled access Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Armour Square Template:Cta Disabled access Bus interchange CTA buses:  21   24   62 
Template:Cta Disabled access Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Fuller Park Template:Cta Disabled access Bus interchange CTA buses:  15   24   43   47   51 
Template:Cta Disabled access Bus interchange CTA buses:  24   55   59 
Englewood Template:Cta Disabled access Bus interchange CTA buses:  24   63 
Grand Crossing Template:Cta Disabled access Bus interchange CTA buses:  N5   29   30   67   71   169 
Grand Crossing/
Chatham 		Template:Cta Disabled access Bus interchange CTA buses:  8A   24   29   75   79 
Chatham Template:Cta Disabled access Bus interchange CTA buses:  29   87 
Roseland Template:Cta Disabled access Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Roseland/
Washington Heights 		Template:Cta Disabled access Upcoming station
Roseland Template:Cta Disabled access Upcoming station
West Pullman Template:Cta Disabled access Upcoming station
Riverdale Template:Cta Disabled access Upcoming station

Rail yards

There are two rail yards for the Red Line cars: Howard Yard, for the northern portion of the line and the 98th Yard for the southern portion of the line. Another yard, the 120th Yard has been studied as part of the Red Line extension.[30]

Notes

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  1. ^ Temporarily, during the closure of Template:Cta.

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Annual Ridership Report - Calendar Year 2023" (PDF). Chicago Transit Authority. January 23, 2024. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jones, Ben (March 1, 2024). "18 of the world's best metro systems". CNN Travel.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."50 years after it was promised, the South Red Line Extension is slated to get a $1.973B grant - Streetsblog Chicago". September 8, 2023.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Red Line Extension TIF Approved, Sending Nearly $1 Billion to Far South Side Project over 35 Years". December 14, 2022.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Red Line South Project Countdown until Completion Day!". Chicago Transit Authority. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Red Line Trains schedule" (PDF). Chicago Transit Authority. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Room For All to Ride". Chicago Daily Tribune. May 30, 1900. p. 12.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Shinnick, William (October 17, 1943). "Underground – A Subway at Last!". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. C1. Template:ProQuest.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Close 24 Elevated Stations; Skip-Stop Will Start Monday". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 31, 1949. p. 1. Template:ProQuest.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Begin Skip-Stop Runs Monday on North, South 'L'". Chicago Daily Tribune. July 29, 1949. p. A9. Template:ProQuest.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Buck, Thomas (September 28, 1969). "Ryan Rail Service Starts Today". Chicago Tribune. p. 22. Template:ProQuest.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Dan Ryan Red Line Rehabilitation Project". Chicago Transit Authority. March 14, 2006. Archived from the original on March 14, 2006.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chicago Transit Authority Ravenswood (Brown) Line Expansion Environmental Assessment and Section 4(f) Analysis (PDF), Chicago Transit Authority, archived from the original (PDF) on March 18, 2006
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."CTA Red Ahead Program". Chicago Transit Authority. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Red Ahead: CTA Red North". Chicago Transit Authority. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Red North – Section 2". Chicago Transit Authority. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."CTA Red & Purple Modernization project". Chicago Transit Authority. Retrieved August 18, 2012.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Red and Purple Modernization: Rebuilding Vital Infrastructure For Chicago's Future (PDF), Chicago Transit Authority, April 23, 2015, archived from the original (PDF) on January 24, 2018, retrieved January 19, 2018
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Swartz, Tracy (March 2, 2015). "Chicago Mayoral Candidates Sound off on Transit Priorities". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Swartz, Tracy (November 6, 2014). "Lakeview Residents Vote: CTA Hasn't 'Sufficiently Justified' Belmont Flyover". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Greenfield, John (January 26, 2016). "The Controversial Belmont Flyover Has Federal Approval—But Still Faces Other Hurdles". Chicago Reader. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dudek, Mitch (January 9, 2017). "Obama Sends CTA $1.1 Billion for Red Line Improvements". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on January 20, 2018. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Chicago Transit Authority Announces Construction of Red and Purple Modernization Project Begins This Fall". www.masstransitmag.com. August 1, 2019.
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Work Begins On CTA's $2 Billion Red & Purple Modernization Project". CBS Chicago. October 2, 2019.
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.McAdams, Alexis (October 2, 2019). "Officials Break Ground on CTA Red, Purple Modernization Project". ABC7 Chicago.
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."CTA's new Brown Line flyover near Belmont to open to the public". Chicago Tribune. November 19, 2021.
  27. ^ https://abc7chicago.com/post/crews-break-ground-cta-red-line-extension-project-south-side/18957484/
  28. ^ https://www.chicagotribune.com/2026/04/24/cta-red-line-extension/
  29. ^ https://chicago.suntimes.com/transportation/2026/04/24/red-line-extension-cta-groundbreaking-federal-funding-freeze-trump-brandon-johnson
  30. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Red Line Extension – Preferred Alignment". Chicago Transit Authority. Retrieved January 3, 2020.

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