Trochee

Trochaic tetrameter in Macbeth

In poetic metre, a trochee (/ˈtroʊkiː/ ) is a metrical foot consisting of a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed one, in qualitative meter, as found in English, and in modern linguistics; or in quantitative meter, as found in Latin and Ancient Greek, a heavy syllable followed by a light one (also described as a long syllable followed by a short one). In this respect, a trochee is the reverse of an iamb. Thus the Latin word Template:Langx, because of its short-long rhythm, in Latin metrical studies is considered to be an iamb, but since it is stressed on the first syllable, in modern linguistics it is considered to be a trochee.

The adjective form is trochaic. The English word trochee is itself trochaic since it is composed of the stressed syllable /ˈtroʊ/ followed by the unstressed syllable /kiː/.

Another name formerly used for a trochee was a choree (/ˈkɔːriː/ ) or choreus.

Etymology

Trochee comes from French , adapted from Latin , originally from the Greek Template:Langx, from the phrase Template:Langx; it is connected with the word Template:Langx. The less-often used word choree comes from Template:Langx; both convey the "rolling" rhythm of this metrical foot. The phrase was adapted into English in the late 16th century.

There was a well-established ancient tradition that trochaic rhythm is faster than iambic. When used in drama it is often associated with lively situations. One ancient commentator notes that it was named from the metaphor of people running () and the Roman metrician Template:Langr notes that it was named from its running and speed ().

Examples

Trochaic meter is sometimes seen among the works of William Shakespeare:

Double, double, toil and trouble;
Fire burn and cauldron bubble.

Perhaps owing to its simplicity, though, trochaic meter is fairly common in nursery rhymes:

Peter, Peter pumpkin-eater
Had a wife and couldn't keep her.

The Finnish national epic, Template:Langx, like much old Finnish poetry, is written in a variation of trochaic tetrameter.

Trochaic metre is popular in Polish and Czech literatures. Template:Langr's poem "Edison" is written in trochaic hexameter.

Latin

In Greek and Latin, the syllabic structure deals with long and short syllables, rather than accented and unaccented. Trochaic meter was rarely used by the Latin poets in the classical period, except in certain passages of the tragedies and the comedies. The two main metres used in comedy were the trochaic septenarius and trochaic octonarius.

Trochaic verse is well known in Latin poetry, especially of the medieval period. Since the stress never falls on the final syllable in Medieval Latin, the language is ideal for trochaic verse. The of the Requiem mass is an example:

See also

• Monometer
• Prosody (Latin)
• Substitution (poetry), Trochaic substitution
• Prosody (Greek)
• Trochaic septenarius