Commelinids

In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids) is a clade of flowering plants within the monocots, distinguished by having cell walls containing ferulic acid. Well-known commelinids include palms and relatives (order Arecales), dayflowers, spiderworts, kangaroo paws, and water hyacinth (order Commelinales), grasses, bromeliads, pineapples, rushes, and sedges (order Poales), ginger, cardamom, turmeric, galangal, bananas, plantains, and bird of paradise flower (order Zingiberales).

The commelinids are the only clade that the APG IV system has informally named within the monocots. The remaining monocots are a paraphyletic unit. Also known as the commelinid monocots it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch; the other two groups are the alismatid monocots and the lilioid monocots.

Description

Members of the commelinid clade have cell walls containing UV-fluorescent ferulic acid.

Taxonomy and phylogeny

The commelinids constitute a well-supported clade within the monocots, and this clade has been recognized in all four APG classification systems. It consists of four orders:

• Arecales (palms)
• Commelinales (spiderwort, water hyacinth)
• Poales (grasses, rushes, bromeliads)
• Zingiberales (gingers, banana)

Phylogenetic tree showing position of the commelinids within the monocots Lilioid monocots Alismatid monocots

As of APG IV (2016) the family Dasypogonaceae is no longer directly placed under commelinids but instead a family of order Arecales.

Historical taxonomy

The commelinids were first recognized as a formal group in 1967 by Armen Takhtajan, who named them the Commelinidae and assigned them to a subclass of Liliopsida (monocots). The name was also used in the 1981 Cronquist system. However, by the release of his 1980 system of classification, Takhtajan had merged this subclass into a larger one, and no longer considered it to be a clade.

Takhtajan system

The Takhtajan system treated this as one of six subclasses within the class Liliopsida (=monocotyledons). It consisted of the following:

     subclass Commelinidae
          superorder Bromelianae
                    order Bromeliales
                    order Velloziales
          superorder Pontederianae
                    order Philydrales
                    order Pontederiales
                    order Haemodorales
          superorder Zingiberanae
                    order Musales
                    order Lowiales
                    order Zingiberales
                    order Cannales
          superorder Commelinanae
                    order Commelinales
                    order Mayacales
                    order Xyridales
                    order Rapateales
                    order Eriocaulales
          superorder Hydatellanae
                    order Hydatellales
          superorder Juncanae
                    order Juncales
                    order Cyperales
          superorder Poanae
                    order Flagellariales
                    order Restionales
                    order Centrolepidales
                    order Poales

Cronquist system

The Cronquist system treated this as one of four subclasses within the class Liliopsida. It consisted of the following:

     subclass Commelinidae
          order Commelinales
          order Eriocaulales
          order Restionales
          order Juncales
          order Cyperales
          order Hydatellales
          order Typhales

APG system

The APG II system does not use formal botanical names above the rank of order; most of the members were assigned to the clade commelinids in the monocots (its predecessor, the APG system used the clade commelinoids).

See also

• List of commelinid families

Bibliography

• APG IV (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
• Barrett, Craig F.; Baker, William J.; Comer, Jason R.; Conran, John G.; Lahmeyer, Sean C.; Leebens-Mack, James H.; Li, Jeff; Lim, Gwynne S.; Mayfield-Jones, Dustin R.; Perez, Leticia; Medina, Jesus; Pires, J. Chris; Santos, Cristian; Wm. Stevenson, Dennis; Zomlefer, Wendy B.; Davis, Jerrold I. (January 2016). "Plastid genomes reveal support for deep phylogenetic relationships and extensive rate variation among palms and other commelinid monocots". New Phytologist. 209 (2): 855–870. Bibcode:2016NewPh.209..855B. doi:10.1111/nph.13617. PMID 26350789.
• Dahlgren, R. M. T.; Clifford, H. T.; Yeo, P. F. (1985). The Families of the Monocotyledons: Structure, Evolution, and Taxonomy. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-13655-2.
• Harris, P.J.; Hartley, R.D. (1976). "Detection of bound ferulic acid in cell walls of the Gramineae by ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy". Nature. 259 (5543): 508–510. Bibcode:1976Natur.259..508H. doi:10.1038/259508a0. S2CID 4272319.

External links

• Template:Wikispecies-inline
• Media related to at Wikimedia Commons

1. REDIRECT Template:Angiosperm orders