Damerham

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Damerham
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Damerham
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Population519 [1]
508 (2011 Census including Lopshill and Lower Daggons)[2]
OS grid reference[[[:Template:Ordnance Survey url]] SU105158]
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Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townFORDINGBRIDGE
Postcode districtSP6
Dialling code01725
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PoliceHampshire and Isle of Wight
FireHampshire and Isle of Wight
AmbulanceSouth Central
UK ParliamentPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Websitewww.damerham.net
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Page Template:Nobold/styles.css has no content.List of places
UK
England
Hampshire
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Damerham is a rural village and civil parish in the New Forest district of Hampshire, England, near Fordingbridge. The area has notable Neolithic and Bronze Age barrows. It was the site of an Anglo-Saxon religious community, mentioned in the will of Alfred the Great. By the time of Domesday Book (1086), Damerham was a major settlement in the possession of Glastonbury Abbey. The village has a riverside mill and a Norman church.

Geography

Damerham lies in the valley of the Allen River, a minor tributary of the Hampshire Avon. The river flows north-west to south-east across the parish, and becomes the Ashford Water as it continues east to join the Avon just below Fordingbridge.[3]

The village is about 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Fordingbridge and is connected to nearby settlements by minor roads. The county boundary with Dorset follows the south-west and south boundaries of the parish.[4]

History

Settled since Saxon times, Damerham (anciently South Damerham)[5] is said to be the birthplace of Æthelflæd, wife of Edmund I.[6] Adam of Damerham (13th century), the author of Historia de Rebus gestis Glastoniensibus, was a native.[5]

Prehistory

File:Will of Alfred the Great (New Minster Liber Vitae) - BL Stowe MS 944, f 33v.jpg
Will of Alfred the Great, AD 873–888, mentions Domrahamme (11th-century copy, British Library Stowe MS 944, ff. 29v–33r)[7]
File:Allen River at Damerham - geograph.org.uk - 448772.jpg
River Allen at Damerham
File:Church of St George, Damerham - geograph.org.uk - 448864.jpg
St George's Church
File:Churchyard at St George's Church, Damerham - geograph.org.uk - 449207.jpg
The churchyard
File:The Compasses Damerham Hampshire - geograph.org.uk - 932577.jpg
The Compasses inn

Damerham is the site of a prehistoric complex including two 6,000-year-old tombs representing some of the earliest monuments built in Britain.[8] It was discovered by a team led by Helen Wickstead, a Kingston University archaeologist. These were previously undiscovered Neolithic tombs known as long barrows.[8][9]

Another earthwork, Soldiers Ring, situated on a crest in an area of Celtic fields, is thought to be a Romano-British cattle enclosure.[10]

Damerham was a royal estate of the kings of Wessex, and a religious community there was mentioned in the will of Alfred the Great: "And it is my will that the community at Damerham be given their landbooks and their freedom to choose whatever lord as is dearest to them, for my sake and for Ælfflæd."[11] It may have been a nunnery headed by Ælfflæd, possibly a kinswoman of the king.[12] In 940–6 Edmund I granted a hundred mansae at Damerham with Martin and Pentridge to his queen, Æthelflæd.[5] Damerham may have been the birthplace of Æthelflæd.[6] Æthelflæd bequeathed Damerham to Glastonbury Abbey when she died in the late 10th century.[13]

Domesday

In the time of Domesday Book (1086), Damerham was a large settlement of 80 households.[14] Glastonbury Abbey still held the manor, which remained with the abbey until the Dissolution of the Monasteries.[5] It then passed to the Crown, and in 1540 Henry VIII leased part of the demesne land and certain farms belonging to the manor for 21 years to Richard Snell – these premises were in 1608 granted to Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, and remained with his descendants.[5] In 1544 Henry VIII granted the manor of Damerham to his sixth wife, Catherine Parr, but it passed back to the Crown on her death in 1548.[5] In 1575 Elizabeth I granted it to the Bishop of Salisbury, and, except for the temporary sale by Parliament to William Lytton in 1649, it remained in the possession of successive bishops until 1863.[5] In 1565, Damerham was the birthplace of a noted translator and book collector, Robert Ashley.[15]

Another important manor was the manor of Little Damerham which was owned by Glastonbury Abbey.[5] Glastonbury Abbey also held lands in the manors of Hyde and Stapleham.[5] Some of these lands were also held by Cranborne Priory, and Tewkesbury Abbey, to which Cranborne Priory was a cell.[5] The hide at Lopshill (Lopushale) is mentioned as within the boundaries of the manor of Damerham in 940–6; it is now Lopshill Farm, in the south of the parish.[5]

The Domesday Book records four mills at Damerham.[14] One was given to Geoffrey Fitz-Ellis by John, Abbot of Glastonbury (1274–90).[5] In 1326 Henry Dotenel released to the Abbot of Glastonbury all his claim in a water-mill called Weremulle in Damerham.[5] In the survey of the manor taken in 1518 a water-mill called Lytellmyle is mentioned.[5] This mill probably stood near Littlemill Bridge at North End, but it has now disappeared.[5] In 1608 "all the water-mills of Damerham" were granted to Robert Earl of Salisbury.[5] The only mill now in existence in the parish is Damerham Mill in the village on the River Allen.[5]

Later history

Damerham Park is mentioned in 1226–1227 and in 1283, and at the latter date it contained deer.[5] In 1518 the park, which contained 125 acres of wood, divided into three coppices: Edmundshay, Middle Coppis, and Drakenorth Coppis.[5] It was apparently disparked before 1540.[5]

The Church of Saint George dates from the Norman period.[6] The earliest sections are the lower part of the tower and the north aisle (12th century).[5] In the 13th century the chancel was seemingly rebuilt and a south aisle added to the nave.[5] The tower was nearly rebuilt about this time. The 12th-century north aisle and transept were probably pulled down in the 15th century and the existing aisle substituted.[5] The church has rare features including a canonical sundial and a relief of St George.[6]

In 1830 the manor-house (West Park House) was attacked in a riot against the introduction of machinery (Swing riots) and several people were captured and sent to Winchester.[5] One quarter of the village burned down in the "Great Fire" of 1863, but the damage was soon repaired owing to the exertions of the vicar, William Owen.[5][16]

Damerham was transferred from Wiltshire to Hampshire in 1895.[5] In 1953, the village gave its name to a Ham class minesweeper, Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data' not found..

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."2001 Census Neighbourhood Statistics – Civil Parishes in the New Forest". www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Civil Parish population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ashford Water (Allen River)". Catchment Data Explorer. Environment Agency. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Election Maps: Great Britain". Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Page, William, ed. (1911). "Parishes: South Damerham". A History of the County of Hampshire, Volume 4. Victoria County History. University of London. pp. 586–591. Retrieved 19 March 2023 – via British History Online.
  6. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Hampshire Treasures – Damerham, page 73". Hampshire County Council. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  7. ^ Charter S 1507 Script error: No such module "webarchive". at the Electronic Sawyer
  8. ^ a b Neolithic Age: Prehistoric Complex Including Two 6,000-year-old Tombs Discovered In Britain
  9. ^ Huge Pre-Stonehenge Complex Found via "Crop Circles" James Owen, National Geographic News, 15 June 2009
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Hampshire Treasures – Damerham, page 76". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Keynes, Simon; Lapidge, Michael, eds. (1983). Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred & Other Contemporary Sources. London, UK: Penguin Classics. pp. 178, 326. ISBN 978-0-14-044409-4.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Smyth, Alfred P. (1995). King Alfred the Great. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 264. ISBN 0-19-822989-5.
  13. ^ Will of Æthelflæd, at www.anglo-saxons.net
  14. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Domesday Map – Damerham". Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  15. ^ Ferris, J. (14 November 2018). "Ashley, Robert (1565–1641), translator and book collector". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  16. ^ History Script error: No such module "webarchive"., [www.damerham.net.]

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