Cape lobster

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(Redirected from Homarinus)

Template:Short description

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Herbst's 1792 illustration[Note 1]
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Scientific classification Edit this classification
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Binomial name
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(Herbst, 1792) [1]
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Synonyms [2]
  • Cancer (Astacus) capensis Herbst, 1792
  • Astacus fulvus Fabricius, 1793
  • Homarus fulvus Weber, 1795
  • Astacus capensis Latreille, 1802
  • Cancer (Astacus) fulvusTurton, 1806

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The Cape lobster (Homarinus capensis) is a species of small lobster that lives off the coast of South Africa, from Dassen Island to Haga Haga. Only a few dozen specimens are known, mostly regurgitated by reef-dwelling fish. It lives in rocky reefs, and is thought to lay large eggs that have a short larval phase, or that hatch directly as a juvenile. The species grows to a total length of 10 cm (3.9 in), and resembles a small European or American lobster; it was previously included in the same genus, Homarus, although it is not very closely related to those species, and is now considered to form a separate, monotypic genus – Homarinus. Its closest relatives are the genera Thymops and Thymopides.

Distribution and ecology

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Description

Homarinus capensis is considerably smaller than the large northern lobsters of the Atlantic Ocean, Homarus gammarus (the European lobster) and Homarus americanus (the American lobster), at 8–10 centimetres (3.1–3.9 in) total length, or 4–5 cm (1.6–2.0 in) carapace length.[2][6] Accounts of the colouration of H. capensis are very variable, from tawny, red or yellow to "a rather dark olive", similar to Homarus gammarus.[7]

Homarinus and Homarus are considered to be the most plesiomorphic genera in the family Nephropidae.[8] Nonetheless, the Cape lobster differs from Homarus in a number of characters. The rostrum of the Cape lobster is flattened, while that of Homarus is rounded in section, and curves upwards at the tip.[5] The three pairs of claws[Note 1] are covered with hairs in Homarinus, while those of Homarus are hairless.[2] The telson tapers along its length in Homarus, but has sides which are nearly parallel in Homarinus. Although no egg-bearing females have been collected, the gonopores (openings of the oviducts) of female Cape lobsters are much larger than those of Homarus gammarus and Homarus americanus.[5] This is thought to indicate that Homarinus bears fewer, larger eggs than Homarus, and that either the larvae develop quickly into juveniles after hatching, or that the eggs hatch directly into juveniles.[5][10]

Taxonomy and evolution

Cape lobsters are elusive and rare, with only fourteen specimens having been collected between 1792 (the date of its first description) and 1992.[7] These include five males in the collections of the South African Museum (Cape Town), two in the Natural History Museum (London), one in each of the East London Museum, the Script error: No such module "Lang". (Leiden) and the Albany Museum (Grahamstown), and one male and one female in the Script error: No such module "Lang". (Paris).[6] In 1992, a Cape lobster was discovered at Dassen Island, and the publicity the find generated resulted in more than 20 additional specimens being reported.[5]

The Cape lobster was first described by Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst in 1792 as Cancer (Astacus) capensis.[9][11] It was independently described in 1793 by Johan Christian Fabricius as Astacus flavus, possibly based on the same type specimen.[9] When Friedrich Weber erected the genus Homarus in 1795, he included Fabricius' species in it, but this placement was not followed by later authors.[9] The species reached its current classification in 1995, when the monotypic genus Homarinus was erected by Irv Kornfield, Austin B. Williams and Robert S. Steneck.[7]

While analyses of morphology suggest a close relationship between Homarinus and Homarus, molecular analyses using mitochondrial DNA reveal that they are not sister taxa. Both genera lack ornamentation such as spines and carinae, but are thought to have reached that state independently, through convergent evolution. The closest living relative of Homarus is Nephrops norvegicus, while the closest relatives of Homarinus are Thymops and Thymopides.[8]

Notes

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  1. ^ a b Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst reported that the Cape lobster has five pairs of claws, based on an illustration sent to him from Copenhagen.[9] Later authors, including Thomas Roscoe Rede Stebbing, concluded that the illustrator must have made the error.[9]

References

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  1. ^ Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
  2. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lipke B. Holthuis (1991). Homarus Weber, 1795 (PDF). FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125. Food and Agriculture Organization. pp. 57–60. ISBN 92-5-103027-8. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)[permanent dead link]
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.A. Cockcroft; M. Butler; T. Y. Chan; A. MacDiarmid & R. Wahle (2011). "Homarinus capensis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. IUCN: e.T169982A6698791. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T169982A6698791.en. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
  4. ^ Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
  5. ^ a b c d e Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ryusuke Kado; Jiro Kittaka; Yasuhiro Hayakawa & D. E. Pollock (1994). "Recent discoveries of the "rare" species Homarus capensis (Herbst, 1792) on the South African coast". Crustaceana. 67 (1): 71–75. doi:10.1163/156854094x00305. JSTOR 20104967.
  6. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Torben Wolff (1978). "Maximum size of lobsters (Homarus) (Decapoda, Nephropidae)". Crustaceana. 34 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1163/156854078x00510. JSTOR 20103244.
  7. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Irv Kornfield; Austin B. Williams (1995). "Assignment of Homarus capensis (Herbst, 1792), the Cape lobster of South Africa, to the new genus Homarinus (Decapoda: Nephropidae)" (PDF). Fishery Bulletin. 93: 97–102.
  8. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dale Tshudy; Rafael Robles; Tin-Yam Chan; Ka Chai Ho; Ka Hou Chu; Shane T. Ahyong; Darryl L. Felder (2009). "Phylogeny of marine clawed lobster families Nephropidae Dana, 1852, and Thaumastochelidae Bate, 1888, based on mitochondrial genes". In Joel W. Martin; Keith A. Crandall; Darryl L. Felder (eds.). Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics. CRC Press. pp. 357–368. doi:10.1201/9781420092592-c18 (inactive 11 July 2025). ISBN 978-1-4200-9258-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
  9. ^ a b c d e Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.L. B. Holthuis (1986). "J. C. Fabricius' (1798) species of Astacus, with an account of Homarus capensis (Herbst) and Eutrichocheles modestus (Herbst) (Decapoda Macrura)" (PDF). Crustaceana. 50 (3): 243–256. doi:10.1163/156854086X00278.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bruce F. Phillips (2006). Lobsters: Biology, Management, Aquaculture and Fisheries. John Wiley & Sons. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-4051-2657-1.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Tin-Yam Chan (2010). Martyn E. Y. Low; S. H. Tan (eds.). "Annotated checklist of the world's marine lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda: Astacidea, Glypheidea, Achelata, Polychelida)" (PDF). Zootaxa. Suppl. 23: 153–181. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-16.

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