Castanea crenata
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Castanea crenata, the Japanese chestnut[2][3] or Korean chestnut,[4] is a species of chestnut native to Japan and Korea.[1] Castanea crenata exhibits resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi, the fungal pathogen that causes ink disease in several Castanea species. The mechanism of resistance of Castanea crenata to Phytophthora cinnamomi may derive from its expression of the Cast_Gnk2-like gene.[5]
Description
Castanea crenata is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree growing to Template:Cvt tall. The leaves are similar to those of the sweet chestnut, though usually a little smaller, Template:Cvt long and Template:Cvt broad. The flowers of both sexes are borne in Template:Cvt long, upright catkins, the male flowers in the upper part and female flowers in the lower part. They appear in summer, and by autumn, the female flowers develop into spiny cupules containing 3–7 brownish nuts that are shed during October.
Cultivation and uses
Castanea crenata is an important tree in Japan and Korea for its heavy production of sweet, edible nuts. A number of cultivars have been selected for large nut size. It is also widely cultivated in eastern China and Taiwan.
It is resistant to chestnut blight and to ink disease, and for these reasons is of importance in North America in the development of disease-resistant hybrids and genetic engineering of the American chestnut, which is susceptible to both fungal pathogens.
Examples of Japanese chestnut cultivars[6] are:
- 'Tsukuba'
- 'Tanzawa'
- 'Ginyose'
- 'Arima'
- 'Ishizuchi'
- 'Okkwanng'
- 'Porotan'
- 'Sandae'
Examples of European × Japanese hybrid cultivars[7] are:
- 'Colossal'
- 'Bouche de Betizac'
- 'Precoce Migoule'
- 'Labor Day'
C. crenata produces more biomass in its stems when the nuts are smaller and planted deeper.[8]
Gallery
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Chestnut fruit
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Peeled chestnuts
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Male flower
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Shell opened naturally on the ground
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Trees
References
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- ^ a b Template:Cite iucn
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Japanese chestnut - Encyclopedia of Life". eol.org.
- ^ Template:BSBI 2007
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Falk, Ben (2003). The Resilient Farm and Homestead: An Innovative Permaculture and Whole Systems Design Approach. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-60358-444-9.
Varieties of chestnuts that can be grown in zone 4, Northeastern United States are as follows: ...Castanea crenata (Korean chestnut)
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Santos C, Nelson CD, Zhebentyayeva T, Machado H, Gomes-Laranjo J, Costa RL (2017). "First interspecific genetic linkage map for Castanea sativa x Castanea crenata revealed QTLs for resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi". PLOS ONE. 12 (9) e0184381. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1284381S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184381. PMC 5589223. PMID 28880954.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Craddock, J. Hill; Perkins, M. Taylor (2019). "Chestnut (Castanea spp. Miller) Breeding" (PDF). Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019: 105–156.
- ^ Cultivars for Michigan Script error: No such module "webarchive". Retrieved 2015-6
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Seiwa, K.; Watanabe, A.; Saitoh, T.; Kannu, H.; Akasaka, S. (2002-07-01). "Effects of burying depth and seed size on seedling establishment of Japanese chestnuts, Castanea crenata". Forest Ecology and Management. 164 (1): 149–156. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00607-7. ISSN 0378-1127.
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