Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research

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Number of NEOs detected by various projects:
Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.  LINEAR
Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.  NEAT
Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.  Spacewatch
Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.  LONEOS 		Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.  CSS
Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.  Pan-STARRS
Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.  NEOWISE
Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.  All others

The Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) project is a collaboration of the United States Air Force, NASA, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Lincoln Laboratory for the systematic detection and tracking of near-Earth objects. LINEAR was responsible for the majority of asteroid discoveries from 1998 until it was overtaken by the Catalina Sky Survey in 2005.[1] As of 15 September 2011, LINEAR had detected 231,082 new small Solar System bodies, of which at least 2,423 were near-Earth asteroids and 279 were comets.[2] The instruments used by the LINEAR program are located at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site (ETS) on the White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) near Socorro, New Mexico.

History

In the late 1970s, the Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site facility (observatory code 704) was built at White Sands Missile Range.[3][4] The project's prototype used low-light video cameras.[5] In 1994 a new proposal was made for automated detection of asteroids, this time using newer digital detector technology.[6] The LINEAR project began operating a near-Earth object discovery facility in 1996 using a 1.0 m (39 in) aperture telescope designed for the Air Force Space Command's Ground-based Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance (GEODSS). The wide-field Air Force telescopes were designed for optical observation of Earth-orbiting spacecraft. Initial field tests used a 1024 × 1024 pixel charge-coupled device (CCD) detector. While this CCD detector filled only about one fifth of the telescope's field of view, four near-earth objects were discovered. A 1960 × 2560 pixel CCD which covered the telescope's two-square degree field of view was then installed, and both detectors were used in later tests.[7]

The first LINEAR telescope became fully operational in March 1998.[8] Beginning in October 1999, a second 1.0 m telescope was added to the search effort.[9] In 2002, a 0.5 m (20 in) telescope equipped with the original CCD was brought on-line to provide follow-up observations for the discoveries made by the two search telescopes.[10] This allowed about 20% more of the sky to be searched each night. Data recorded by the telescopes is sent to a Lincoln Laboratory facility at Hanscom Air Force Base in Lexington, Massachusetts for processing. Detections are then forwarded to the Minor Planet Center.[2]

Discoveries

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Minor planets discovered: 147,707[11]
see List of minor planets § Main index

In addition to discovering more than 140,000 minor planets, LINEAR is also credited with the discovery, or co-discovery, or rediscovery of several periodic comets, including 11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR, 158P/Kowal-LINEAR, 160P/LINEAR (LINEAR 43), 165P/LINEAR (LINEAR 10), and 176P/LINEAR (LINEAR 52, 118401 LINEAR: one of only five objects classified both as comets and asteroids). Other objects discovered include Template:Mpl, Template:Mpl, and 2004 FH. One of LINEAR's discoveries Template:Mpl passed near the Earth on 21 March, 2021[12]

See also

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."NEO Discovery Statistics". NASA Near Earth Object Program. Archived from the original on 2004-05-13. Retrieved 2012-01-19.
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."MIT Lincoln Laboratory: LINEAR". MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2017-07-24. Retrieved 2012-01-19.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Beatty, D. E.; Sorvari, J. M.; Taff, L. G. (1980). "Artificial satellites, minor planets, and the ETS". NASA Sti/Recon Technical Report N. 81: 12143. Bibcode:1980STIN...8112143B.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."LINEAR – Experimental Test Site". Lincoln Laboratory, MIT. Archived from the original on 26 June 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Taff, L. G. (1981). "A new asteroid observation and search technique". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 93: 658. Bibcode:1981PASP...93..658T. doi:10.1086/130905.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Tennyson, Peter D.; Rork, Eugene W.; Kostishack, Daniel F. (1994). "Applying electro-optical space surveillance technology to the detection of near-Earth asteroids". In Crawford, David L.; Craine, Eric R. (eds.). Instrumentation in Astronomy VIII. Vol. 2198. pp. 1286–1297. Bibcode:1994SPIE.2198.1286T. doi:10.1117/12.176813. S2CID 129557577. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR)". NASA Near Earth Object Program. Archived from the original on 2004-01-14. Retrieved 2012-01-19.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stokes, G. H.; Viggh, H. E. M.; Shelly, F. L.; Blythe, M. S.; Stuart, J. S. (1998). "Results from the Lincoln Near Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) Project". American Astronomical Society. 30: 1042. Bibcode:1998DPS....30.1607S.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Elowitz, R. M.; Stokes, G. H.; Bezpalko, M.; Blythe, M. S.; Evans, J. B.; Pearce, E. C.; Sayer, R. W.; Shelly, F. C.; Viggh, H. E. M. (1999). "A Progress Report on the Lincoln Near Earth Asteroid Research Project". American Astronomical Society. 195: 1531. Bibcode:1999AAS...19510801E.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stokes, G. H.; Evans, J. B.; Shelly, F. C. (2002). "LINEAR Search and Operations Experience". American Astronomical Society. 201: 1315. Bibcode:2002AAS...20113003S.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)". Minor Planet Center. 12 January 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.February 2021, Patrick Pester-Staff Writer 22 (22 February 2021). "Asteroid the size of the Golden Gate Bridge will whiz past Earth in March". Space.com. Retrieved 2 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

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