Musi language

Musi
Musi Malay
Native to	Indonesia
Region	South Sumatra
Ethnicity	Musi
Native speakers	(~600,000 cited 2000 census)
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian (disputed) Malayic Musi Upper Musi Musi
Dialects	Sekayu Kelingi Penukal
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mui
Linguist List	mui-sek (Sekayu)
	mui-pel (Penukal)
	mui-kel (Kelingi)
Glottolog	nucl1812
ELP	Template:Endangered Languages Project
Linguasphere	Template:Infobox language/lingualist
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The distribution of Musi lects across southern Sumatra

Musi () is a Malayic variety spoken primarily in parts of South Sumatra, Indonesia. While the name Musi in the broad sense can also refer to the wider Musi dialect network comprising both Upper Musi and Palembang–Lowland clusters, it is locally used as an endonym specific to the variety spoken in the upstream parts of Musi River.

Classification

Based on lexicostatistical analyses, mappings of sound changes, and mutual intelligibility tests, Template:Harvcoltxt classify Malayic varieties in southern Sumatra into two dialect groups, namely 1) South Barisan Malay (also called Central Malay or Middle Malay) and 2) Musi. The Musi grouping can be further divided into two clusters: 1) Upper Musi, containing Musi Proper (i.e. the lect referred to as "Musi" in local usage), Rawas, Pegagan, and Col, and 2) Palembang–Lowland, containing Palembang and Lowland subcluster (Belide, Lematang Ilir, and Penesak varieties).

All Upper Musi lects lost Proto-Malayic *h word-medially, including between like vowels, e.g. *dahan > 'branch'. As with other Southern Sumatran Malayic lects, *r is sometimes reflected as [r] and [ʔ], contrasting with a velar/uvular rhotic. More uniquely, Upper Musi lects evince 1) the loss of initial *r, e.g. *rumah 'house' > and *rusa 'deer' > ; 2) the shift of final *-ri > , e.g. *jari 'finger' > and *duri 'thorn' > , and 3) the merger of final *-ar, *-ur, and *-ir > -[o(ɰ)], e.g. *akar 'root' > , *bibir 'lip' > , and *kapur 'lime' > . The last merger did not happen in Rawas, as it only reflects the *-ar > -o shift. In addition, while most Upper Musi lects shifted final *a > [e], Rawas shifted the vowel to [o].

Musi Proper is spoken throughout parts of Musi Banyuasin and Musi Rawas regencies in South Sumatra. Internally, it can be divided into three subdialects, namely 1) Sekayu, 2) Kelingi, and 3) Penukal, each roughly corresponding to the names of the geographical area where they are spoken. Sekayu is spoken in and around the town of Sekayu, Musi Banyuasin, and is the central variety. Kelingi is spoken in parts of Musi Rawas Regency and neighbors the Sindang Kelingi subdialect of Col to the west. Meanwhile, Penukal speech area covers most of Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Regency, bordering to its south the Lowland lects of Lematang Ilir and Belide, as well as the Highland (Central Malay) lect of Benakat.

References

Bibliography

• Arifin, Siti Salamah; Abubakar, Tarmizi; Alwi, Zahra; Ernalida (2001). Struktur bahasa Benakat [The structure of Benakat language] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Gani, Zainal Abidin; Ahmad, Mustanni; Ihsan, Diemroh (1981). Struktur bahasa Musi [The structure of Musi language] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Ihsan, Diemroh; Arifin, Salamah; Saripudin, Agus; Diem, Chuzaimah Dahlan (1996). Fonologi dan morfologi bahasa Lematang [The phonology and morphology of Lematang language] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• McDowell, Jonathan; Anderbeck, Karl (2020). The Malay Lects of Southern Sumatra. JSEALS Special Publication. Vol. 7. University of Hawai'i Press. hdl:10524/52473.