Per mille

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The phrase per mille (Script error: No such module "params".)[1] indicates parts per thousand.[2] The associated symbol is Template:Char, similar to a per cent sign Template:Char but with an extra zero in the divisor.

Major dictionaries do not agree on the spelling,[1][2][3] giving other options of per mil,[2] per mill,[1][3] permil,[1][4] permill,[1] and permille.[5][6]

The word Script error: No such module "Lang". is the cognate in Danish, Dutch, German, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish, and is sometimes seen as a loanword in English with the same meaning as per mille.[7][4]

The symbol is included in the General Punctuation block of Unicode at Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.U+2030 ‰ Script error: No such module "Unicode data"..[5] There is also an Arabic-Indic per mille sign at Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.U+0609 ؉ Script error: No such module "Unicode data"..

Examples

Blood alcohol concentration

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Promille and permille are likely best known as shorthand terms for Blood Alcohol Concentration, where 1 promille corresponds to 1 gram of alcohol per liter of blood.[8] Promille is used in the legal limits of blood-alcohol content for driving a road vehicle in some countries: for example: 0.5‰ or 0.8‰.[9]

Cost per mille

Sales and marketing

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Cost per mille (CPM), the price of 1000 units, may be used for views of banner and display advertising, and for emails delivered by email service providers.

Insurance

In UK insurance usage, the cost per mille is the rate per £1000 of insured value.[10] In India, the premium per mille is the rate expressed as thousandths of the sum assured.[11]

Gradients

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A railroad distance and gradient sign in Gdańsk, Poland. The 50‰ grade is equivalent to 5%.
A tram and gradient sign in Gdańsk, Poland. The 50‰ grade is equivalent to 50 m/km or 5%.

Gradients (in some countries in Europe) may be expressed as mm/m or m/km, and written with the per mille symbol.[12]

Isotope ratios

Per mille may be used to express stable isotope ratios—for example: "δ13C was measured at −3.5‰".

Taxation

Charity fraction

In Italy, it is possible to nominate a charity or charities to receive "five per mille" (5‰) of personal taxation payments.[13]

Property tax

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Property taxation rates may be expressed as the millage rate (U.S.) or mill rate (Canada), from mill (currency), one thousandth of a dollar.

Quantile

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Permille may also be used to express a 1000-quantile ("999th permille"),[14][15] but this usage is rare and largely obsolete. Modern publications instead use fractional percentiles ("99.9th percentile").[16]

Salinity

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Seawater salinity is often expressed per mille. Average marine salinity is about 35 parts per thousand or 35‰ (3.5%).[17]

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See also

Notes

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Script error: No such module "template wrapper". (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  2. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."per mille". Cambridge Dictionary. Business English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 2020-06-08. per mille adverb (also per mil)
  3. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."per mill". Oxford Dictionaries: The American Dictionary. Archived from the original on August 9, 2013. Retrieved 2014-08-01.
  4. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Heinz Gamsjäger; John W. Lorimer; Pirketta Scharlin; David G. Shaw (2008). "Glossary of terms related to solubility". Pure Appl. Chem. 80 (2): 233–276. doi:10.1351/pac200880020233. (Page 258)
  5. ^ a b Unicode.u+2038 "General Punctuation". 2014. Accessed 5 Aug 2014.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."per mille". Longman Business Dictionary. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Promille in English". Cambridge German – English Dictionary. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Promille vs BAC: the difference and how much promille is 1 BAC". AlcoSafe. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Blood alcohol level (BAL)". Health Research Board (Ireland).
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jonathan Law; John Smullen (eds.). "Per mille". A Dictionary of Finance and Banking (4 ed.).
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Avoidable loss due to imprudent underwriting of Group Personal Accident Policy" (PDF). Comptroller and Auditor General of India. March 2019.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Michael W. Sayers; Thomas D. Gillespie; William D.O. Paterson (January 1986). "Directives pour la mesure de l'uni des routes et l'étalonnage des appareils" (PDF) (in français). World Bank. p. 2. L'indice IRI est une mesure de l'uni des routes standardisée, apparentée aux mesures obtenues à l'aide des appareils de type-réponse. Les unités recommandées sont : les mètres par kilomètres (m/km) = millimètres par mètres (mm/m) = pente x 1000.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Five per thousand—how does it work and how is it calculated?". N26 (bank). 22 June 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Walker, Helen Mary; Lev, Joseph (1969). Elementary Statistical Methods. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 978-0-03-081130-2.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Valentijn, Floris Arnold (21 September 2022). Senescent cell accumulation & Research-based undergraduate education (Thesis). Utrecht University. doi:10.33540/1121.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Knoppert, Sebastiaan N; Keijzer-Veen, Mandy G; Valentijn, Floris A; van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Marry M; Lilien, Marc R; van den Berg, Gerrit; Haveman, Lianne M; Stokman, Marijn F; Janssens, Geert O; van Kempen, Sven; Broekhuizen, Roel; Goldschmeding, Roel; Nguyen, Tri Q (December 2023). "Cellular senescence in kidney biopsies is associated with tubular dysfunction and predicts CKD progression in childhood cancer patients with karyomegalic interstitial nephropathy". The Journal of Pathology. 261 (4): 455–464. doi:10.1002/path.6202. PMID 37792603.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Per mille". Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. 2022.
  • Page Template:Sister-inline/styles.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Sister project logo". Media related to Script error: No such module "Commons link". at Wikimedia Commons

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