Perkele

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "For". Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "IPA".) is a Finnish word meaning 'evil spirit' and a popular Finnish profanity, used similarly to the English phrase God damn,[1] although it is considered much more profane. It is most likely the most internationally known Finnish curse word.[2][3][4][5]

Etymology

The name is of Proto-Indo-European origin; *Perkʷūnos is the reconstructed name of the god of thunder.

Some researchers consider Script error: No such module "Lang". to be an original name of the thunder god Ukko, the chief god of the Finnish pagan pantheon,[citation needed] but this view is not shared by all researchers.[6] There are related words in other Finnic languages: in Estonian, Script error: No such module "Lang". means hell, in Karelian Script error: No such module "Lang". means an evil spirit.[7][8]

Influence of Christianity

As Finland was Christianized, the ancient pre-Christian deities came to be regarded as demons. This led to the use of "Script error: No such module "Lang"." as a translation for "Devil" in the Finnish translation of the Bible. Later, in other translations, the word was rendered as Script error: No such module "Lang". (the evil one).[9]

See also

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Look up perkele in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of the Language Office] (in suomi). Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus. 2006. ISBN 952-5446-20-4.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."How Finns Swear and What This Tells Us About Their Culture".
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Finnish swearwords – a list of profanities you shouldn't know". 4 March 2015.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Advances in Swearing Research: New languages and new contexts. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 2017. ISBN 978-9027256874.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Handbook of Finnish. E-painos. 2015. ASIN B015AM7Q90.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Salo, Unto (1990). Agricola's Ukko in the light of archeology. A chronological and interpretative study of ancient Finnish religion: Old Norse and Finnish religions and cultic place-names. Turku. ISBN 951-649-695-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Miten suomalaiset kiroilivat ennen kristinuskoa?" [How did Finns curse before Christianity?] (in suomi). Retrieved 2015-12-25.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Suomen kielen etymologinen sanakirja. 3 [Etymological dictionary of the Finnish language. 3.] (in suomi). Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura. 1976. ISBN 951-9019-16-2.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Paholainen".

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