route (command)
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| route | |
|---|---|
| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. The ReactOS route command | |
| [[Programmer|DeveloperTemplate:Pluralize from text]] | Fred N. van Kempen, Microsoft, IBM, ReactOS Contributors |
| Engine | Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.Template:EditAtWikidata |
| Operating system | Unix-like, OS/2, Microsoft Windows, ReactOS |
| Platform | Cross-platform |
| Type | Command |
| License | OS/2, Windows: Proprietary commercial software ReactOS: GPLv2 |
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In computing, route is a command used to view and manipulate the IP routing table in Unix-like and Microsoft Windows[1] operating systems and also in IBM OS/2 and ReactOS.[2] Manual manipulation of the routing table is characteristic of static routing.
Implementations
Unix and Unix-like
The route command originated in 4.2BSD. It is not part of any UNIX standard, but the BSD interface is widely implemented.[3]
Linux contains a version of the route originally written by Fred N. van Kempen, later merged with netstat's codebase (another command originating in 4.2BSD). It implements an extended syntax compared to the BSD version. In Linux distributions based on 2.2.x Linux kernels, the ifconfig and route commands are operated together to connect a computer to a network, and to define routes between computer networks. Distributions based on later kernels have deprecated ifconfig and route, replacing them with iproute2.[4]
On macOS, the route utility is present but largely nonfunctional. Displaying the routing table is instead performed via netstat -nr.
Syntax
The BSD syntax is:
route [-dnqtv] {add|del|flush|get|monitor} [[modifiers] args]
The Linux syntax is:
route [-nNvee] [-FC] [<AF>] # List kernel routing tables
route [-v] [-FC] {add|del|flush} ... # Modify routing table for AF.
route {-h|--help} [<AF>] # Detailed usage syntax for specified AF.
route {-V|--version} # Display version/author and exit.
In other words, the basic route add and route del commands are portable.
Example
user@linux:~$ route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.101.0 192.168.102.102 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.102.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.103.0 192.168.102.102 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.12.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.12.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
Microsoft Windows
The command is only available if the TCP/IP protocol is installed as a component in the properties of a network adapter.
Syntax
The command-syntax is:
route [-f] [-p] [-4|-6] [Command [Destination] [mask Netmask] [Gateway] [[metric Metric]] [[if Interface]]
Parameters
- -f: Clears the routing table
- -p: The route is added to the Windows Registry and is used to initialize the IP routing table whenever the TCP/IP protocol is started (only when used with the add command)
- Command: The command to run (add, change, delete, print)
- -4: Force using IPv4
- -6: Force using IPv6
- Destination: Network destination of the route
- mask Netmask: The netmask (subnet mask) associated with the network destination
- Gateway: The forwarding or next hop IP address over which the set of addresses defined by the network destination and subnet mask are reachable
- metric Metric: Integer cost metric (ranging from 1 to 9999) for the route
- if Interface: The index of the interface over which the destination is reachable
- /?: Command help
The -p parameter is only supported on Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows Millennium Edition, and Windows XP. It is not supported on Windows 95 or Windows 98.
IBM OS/2
Syntax
The command-syntax is:
route [-nqv] [COMMAND] [[MODIFIERS] args]
Parameters
- -n: Bypasses translating IP addresses to symbolic host names
- -q: Suppresses all output
- -v: Verbose
- COMMAND: The command to run (add, delete, change, get, monitor, flush)
- -net: <dest> is a network address
- -host: <dest> is host name or address (default)
- -netmask: the mask of the route
- <dest>: IP address or host name of the destination
- <gateway>: IP address or host name of the next-hop router
ReactOS
ReactOS is an open-source Windows clone. The route implementation will eventually cover all options supported by Windows, but the current (as of 2025) version does not. It instead implements a subset of the options, a "poor man's route":[2]
Syntax
Print the route table:
route print
Add a route:
route add <target> [mask <mask>] <gw> [metric <m>]
Delete a route:
route delete <target> <gw>
See also
Further reading
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stanek, William R. (2004). Microsoft Windows Command-Line Administrator's Pocket Consultant. ISBN 0-735-62038-5.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.John Paul Mueller (2007). Windows Administration at the Command Line for Windows Vista, Windows 2003, Windows XP, and Windows 2000. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0470165799.
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Adding a TCP/IP Route to the Windows Routing Table". Archived from the original on 2016-11-13. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Reactos/Reactos". GitHub. 4 November 2021.
- ^ Template:Man
- ^ Template:Man
External links
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