Terrane

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In geology, a terrane (/təˈreɪn, ˈtɛreɪn/;[1][2] in full, a tectonostratigraphic terrane) is a crust fragment formed on a tectonic plate (or broken off from it) and accreted or "sutured" to crust lying on another plate. The crustal block or fragment preserves its distinctive geologic history, which is different from the surrounding areas—hence the term "exotic" terrane. The suture zone between a terrane and the crust it attaches to is usually identifiable as a fault. A sedimentary deposit that buries the contact of the terrane with adjacent rock is called an overlap formation. An igneous intrusion that has intruded and obscured the contact of a terrane with adjacent rock is called a stitching pluton.

There is also an older usage of the term terrane, which described a series of related rock formations or an area with a preponderance of a particular rock or rock group.

Overview

Map showing terranes of Earth's crust (continental blocks (green outlines), oceanic plates (blue outlines), and mobile zones (orange outlines))
Map of Earth's principal lithospheric plates

A tectonostratigraphic terrane did not necessarily originate as an independent microplate, since it may not contain the full thickness of the lithosphere. It is a piece of crust that has been transported laterally, usually as part of a larger plate, and is relatively buoyant due to thickness or low density. When the plate of which it was a part subducted under another plate, the terrane failed to subduct, detached from its transporting plate, and accreted onto the overriding plate. Therefore, the terrane transferred from one plate to the other. Typically, accreting terranes are portions of continental crust which have rifted off another continental mass and been transported surrounded by oceanic crust, or they are old island arcs formed at some distant subduction zones.

A tectonostratigraphic terrane is a fault-bounded package of rocks of at least regional extent characterized by a geologic history that differs from that of neighboring terranes. The essential characteristic of these terranes is that the present spatial relations are incompatible with the inferred geologic histories. Where terranes that lie next to each other possess strata of the same age, they are considered separate terranes only if it can be demonstrated that the geologic evolutions are different and incompatible. There must be an absence of intermediate lithofacies that could link the strata.[3]

The concept of tectonostratigraphic terrane developed from studies in the 1970s of the complicated Pacific Cordilleran orogenic margin of North America, a complex and diverse geological potpourri that was difficult to explain until the new science of plate tectonics illuminated the ability of crustal fragments to "drift" thousands of miles from their origin and attach themselves, crumpled, to an exotic shore. Such terranes were dubbed "accreted terranes" by geologists. Geologist J. N. Carney writes:

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When terranes are composed of repeated accretionary events, and hence are composed of subunits with distinct history and structure, they may be called superterranes.[4]

List of tectonostratigraphic terranes

Template:Expand list Africa

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Asia

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Taiwan

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Tibet

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Australasia

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Europe

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Fennoscandia

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North America

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South America

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References

Citations

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."terrane". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. OCLC 1032680871. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."terrane". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 2023-04-02.
  3. ^ E R Schermer, D G Howell, D L Jones. (1984). "The Origin of Allochthonous Terranes: Perspectives on the Growth and Shaping of Continents", Annual Review Earth and Planetary Sciences, 12:107-131
  4. ^ "Terranes" Script error: No such module "webarchive". University of British Columbia website
  5. ^ Schematic map of the Siberian craton showing boundaries of the craton and its terranes
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Okaya, D.; Christensen, N.I.; Ross, Z.E.; Wu, F.T. (2016). "Terrane-controlled crustal shear wave splitting in Taiwan". Geophysical Research Letters. 43 (2): 556–563. Bibcode:2016GeoRL..43..556O. doi:10.1002/2015GL066446.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Aitchison, J. C., Ali, J. R., and Davis, A. M. (2007) "When and where did India and Asia collide?" Journal of Geophysical Research, v.112, pp.1–19
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mortimer, N; Rattenbury, MS; King, PR; Bland, KJ; Barrell, DJA; Bache, F; Begg, JG; Campbell, HJ; Cox, SC; Crampton, JS; Edbrooke, SW; Forsyth, PJ; Johnston, MR; Jongens, R; Lee, JM; Leonard, GS; Raine, JI; Skinner, DNB; Timm, C; Townsend, DB; Tulloch, AJ; Turnbull, IM; Turnbull, RE (2014). "High-level stratigraphic scheme for New Zealand rocks". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 57 (4): 402–419. Bibcode:2014NZJGG..57..402M. doi:10.1080/00288306.2014.946062. ISSN 0028-8306.
  9. ^ Pharao, et al. (1996) Tectonic map of Britain, Ireland & adjacent areas UK:British Geological Survey
  10. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Viola, G.; Henderson, I.H.C.; Bingen, B.; Hendriks, B.W.H. (2011). "The Grenvillian–Sveconorwegian orogeny in Fennoscandia: Back-thrusting and extensional shearing along the 'Mylonite Zone'". Precambrian Research. 189 (3–4): 368–88. Bibcode:2011PreR..189..368V. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.06.005. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cuthberta, S.J.; Carswellb, D.A.; Krogh-Ravnac, E.J.; Waind, A. (2000). "Eclogites and eclogites in the Western Gneiss Region, Norwegian Caledonides". Lithos. 52 (1–4): 165–195. Bibcode:2000Litho..52..165C. doi:10.1016/s0024-4937(99)00090-0.
  12. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hild, Martha; Barr, Sandra (2015). Geology of Nova Scotia. Portugal Cove: Boulder Publications. p. 18. ISBN 9781927099438.
  13. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Miller, Brent (1997). Geology, Geochronology, and Tectonic Significance of the Blair River Inlier, Northern Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Halifax: Dalhousie University. p. 260.

General bibliography

  • McPhee, John (1981). Basin and Range. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • McPhee, John (1983). In Suspect Terrain. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • McPhee, John (1993). Assembling California. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

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Look up terrane in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

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The Wikibook Historical Geology has a page on the topic of: Terranes

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