Waṣf
Template:Short description Template:Arab culture Waṣf (Template:Langx) (literally 'attribute' or 'description'; pl. Script error: No such module "lang". Script error: No such module "Lang".) is an ancient style of Arabic poetry, which can be characterised as descriptive verse. The concept of Script error: No such module "lang". was also borrowed into Persian, which developed its own rich poetic tradition in this mode.[1]
Role in Arabic verse
Script error: No such module "lang". was one of four kinds of poetry in which medieval Arabic poets were expected to be competent, alongside 'the boast (Script error: No such module "lang".), the invective (Script error: No such module "lang".), and the elegy (Script error: No such module "lang".)'.[2]
Probably deriving from the descriptions of the abandoned campsite and beloved in the ancient qasida's erotic prelude, and of animals and landscape in the journey section, or Script error: No such module "lang"., it evolved into a genre of its own in Abbasid Baghdad and later in Spain. The tradition in Arabic was highly developed, with poets often devoting entire collections to elaborate treatments of single subjects, such as hunting animals, kinds of flowers, and specific objects. [...] While one might initially be inclined to take the genre of Script error: No such module "lang". poetry lightly--since it involves "mere" description, in fact an argument could be made for seeing this genre as, in some instances, central to the poetry of the period.[2]
In Script error: No such module "lang". love poems, each part of a lover's body is described and praised in turn, often using exotic, extravagant, or even far-fetched metaphors. The Song of Solomon is a prominent example of such a poem, and other examples can be found in the Thousand and One Nights. The images given in this type of poetry are not literally descriptive. Instead, they convey the delight of the lover for the beloved, where the lover finds freshness and splendor in the body as a reflected image in the world. Other varieties of Script error: No such module "lang". include literary riddles.
Outside Arabic
This genre had a long history and later became a favorite of the troubadour poets and the authors of sonnets in the Elizabethan era. This renaissance literature was popularized by French authors via Italian and was called the Script error: No such module "Lang". or blazon (see Italian poet Petrarch). Shakespeare effectively ended this movement with his Sonnet 130 which satirized the form. For instance, the first line in that satire reads, "My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun."[3]
References
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- ^ A. A. Seyed-Gohrab, Courtly Riddles: Enigmatic Embellishments in Early Persian Poetry (Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010), pp. 32-33.
- ^ a b Cole, Peter, ed. and trans., The Dream of the Poem: Hebrew Poetry from Muslim and Christian Spain, 950–1492 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), p. 530.
- ^ Mabillard, Amanda. Analysis of Shakespeare's Sonnet 130, including sonnet text and modern translation. Shakespeare Online. 2000. (7/Oct/2011).
- Knuth, Donald E. (1990). 3:16 Bible Texts Illuminated. A.R. Editions, Inc. Template:ISBN.
