Akçe
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| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. Akçe of Orhan | |
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| Code | Template:ISO 4217/code |
| Subunit | Template:ISO 4217/code-minor-unit |
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| This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete. | |
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The akçe or akça (anglicized as akche, akcheh or aqcha; Template:Langx; Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA"., in Europe known as asper)[1] was a silver coin mainly known for being the chief monetary unit of the Ottoman Empire. It was also used in other states including the Anatolian Beyliks, the Aq Qoyunlu,[2] and the Crimean Khanate. The basic meaning of the word is "silver" or "silver money", deriving from the Turkish word Script error: No such module "Lang". ('white') and the diminutive suffix Script error: No such module "Lang"..[3]
Cost
Three Script error: No such module "Lang".s were equal to one Script error: No such module "Lang".. One-hundred and twenty Script error: No such module "Lang".s equalled one Script error: No such module "Lang".. Later after 1687 the Script error: No such module "Lang". became the main unit of account, replacing the Script error: No such module "Lang".. In 1843, the silver Script error: No such module "Lang". was joined by the gold lira in a bimetallic system.[4] Its weight fluctuated; one source estimates it between 1.15 and 1.18 grams.[5] The name Script error: No such module "Lang". originally referred to a silver coin but later the meaning changed and it became a synonym for money.
History
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The mint in Novo Brdo, a fortified mining town in the Serbian Despotate rich with gold and silver mines, began to strike Script error: No such module "Lang". in 1441 when it was captured by the Ottoman forces for the first time.[6]
The Suleiman Mosque in Istanbul is said to have cost 59 million akçe when it was constructed in the 1550s. This amount is said to have equalled 700,000 ducats in gold (probably Venetian).[citation needed]
Debasement
Silver content and index in an Ottoman Script error: No such module "Lang"..[7]
| Year | Silver (g) | Index |
|---|---|---|
| 1450–60 | 0.85 | 100 |
| 1490–1500 | 0.68 | 80 |
| 1600 | 0.29 | 34 |
| 1700 | 0.13 | 15 |
| 1800 | 0.048 | 6 |
Value compared to the gold ducat of Venice by years:[8]
| Year | Ottoman akçes |
|---|---|
| 1431 | 35 |
| 1475 | 45 |
| 1491 | 52 |
| 1547 | 60 |
| 1585 | 110 |
| 1645 | 160 |
| 1659 | 220 |
| 1660 | 300 |
| 1721 | 375 |
| 1728 | 400 |
| 1737 | 440 |
See also
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References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Grierson, Philip (1991). "Asper". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Coins from the tribal federation of Aq Qoyunlu".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Akçe".
- ^ Sevket Pamuk, A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire, Cambridge University Press, 2000, Template:ISBN
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ermiş, Fatih (2013). A History of Ottoman Economic Thought. p. 23.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Balkan studies. Édition de lA̕cadémie bulgare des sciences. 1988. p. 111.
The mint at Novo brdo (in Turkish "Novar"), was the first to start striking Ottoman akçe — as early as 1441, when Murad Il's military commander, the eunuch Sibab ed-Din pasa captured the town, which had the greatest silver deposits and the ...
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Malanima, Paolo (2009). Pre-Modern European Economy: One Thousand Years (10th-19th Centuries). BRILL. p. 198. ISBN 9789004178229. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
- ^ Template:TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi
External links
- Ottoman coins
- September 1, 2013 - A huge treasure of 47,000 silver Akçe discovered in Goleşti, Romania
- Akçe, 1481: Crimean Khanate (Ottoman Empire)
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