Alboka
The Basque Script error: No such module "Lang". (Template:Langx) is a single-reed woodwind instrument consisting of a single reed, two small diameter melody pipes with finger holes and a bell traditionally made from animal horn. Additionally, a reed cap of animal horn is placed around the reed to contain the breath and allow circular breathing for constant play. In the Basque language, an alboka player is called Script error: No such module "Lang".. The alboka is usually used to accompany a tambourine singer.[1]
Although the alboka is native to the Basque region, similar instruments can be found around Spain including Madrid (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Asturias (Script error: No such module "Lang".), and Castile and Andalusia (Script error: No such module "Lang".), but in those cases they only have a single pipe. The name is derived from the Arabic Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".), which means "the trumpet" or "the horn".
Hornpipes are made of a single reed, a small diameter melody pipe with fingerholes, and a bell traditionally made of animal horn.[2] An animal horn reed cap usually encompasses the idioglot reed. These instruments are descended from single-reed idioglot instruments found in Egypt as early as 2700 BCE.[3] During the Old Kingdom in Egypt (2778-2723 BCE), memets were depicted on the reliefs of seven tombs at Saqqarra, six tombs at Giza, and the pyramids of Queen Khentkaus.[4] Horns were later added to the reed pipe to increase resonance. Horn caps were also added around the reed, and the player would blow into the hornpipe to activate the reed instead of holding it in their mouth.[5]
The alboka has two cane pipes, a wood handle, and a horn at each end. It may be descended from the Moroccan double hornpipe, which has two cane pipes, each fitted with a cow horn.[3] The alboka was established in Spain by the end of the 13th-century. Representations of it can be found in the Script error: No such module "Lang". and surviving medieval sculptural church decorations.
Notable Script error: No such module "Lang". players are Ibon Koteron and Alan Griffin. It is also being integrated into modern bands, such as Script error: No such module "Lang"..[6]
Varieties
The Albogues include:
- The gaita gastore[7] ( gaita del Gastor in Cádiz ) has a body made of pear or oleander wood decorated with a cross-shaped pattern, three finger holes on the top and one on the bottom, and a relatively long horn as a bell. It is played on saint's days and at Christmas.[8]
- The gaita serrana ( gaita de la sierra in Madrid ) has a wind cap made of cow horn, a sound tube made of wood (usually fig wood ) and square recesses in which the finger holes are located. The sound tube can have a round or square cross-section. The instrument has three to four finger holes on the top and a thumb hole. The bell is also made of cow horn. The gaita serrana was a pure shepherd's instrument that served as a pastime. With the decline of the profession, it has practically died out.[9]
- The best known instrument of this group is the Basque alboka with double sound tubes that have a common wind cap and a common horn bell. All parts of the instrument are attached to a semicircular wooden arch (see Alboka ).
- In Gascony , on the northwestern edge of the Pyrenees, the caramera ( caremère ) is played. It has a reed, a simple sound tube and an animal horn. The number of finger holes can be 6 + 1. [ 4 ]
- The chifla de Campoo (from the town of Campoo in Cantabria ) is not a hornpipe, but is related to the albogues. A sound pipe is made from a piece of wood about 25 cm long, with a small wooden funnel at the top and a large one at the bottom. The large funnel serves as a sound funnel, the upper one as a kind of wind cap. The reed is held loosely between the lips and blown inside this wind cap. The instrument has four to seven finger holes on the top.[10][11]
Gallery
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An alboka on a table.
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A diagram of an alboka in the Basque language.
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1280 A.D. Two alboka players.
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An alboka standing upright.
See also
- Basque music
- Ibon Koteron
- Hornpipe (musical instrument)
- Stock-and-horn, a similar Scottish instrument
- Pibgorn, a similar Welsh instrument
- Erkencho
Bibliography
- Barrenchea, José Mariano y Riezu, P. Jorge de, "Alboka. Entorno folklórico" Archivo Padre Donostia. Lecaroz (Navarra), 1976.
Discography
- Alboka (musical group) Lorius
- Bidaia Script error: No such module "Lang".
- Kepa Junkera & Ibon Koteron Script error: No such module "Lang".
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Alboka". Musicologie.org. Retrieved 2020-04-26.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Construcción de una alboka tradicional "ITXE"". Construyetualboka.blogspot.com. 6 November 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Midgley, R., ed. (1976). Musical Instruments of the World. United States: Diagram Visual Information Ltd.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rice, A.R. (1992). The Baroque Claringet. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jenkins, J. & Olsen, P.R. (1976). Music and Musical Instruments of the World of Islam. Kent, UK: Westerham Press Ltd.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Alboka information, overview and history". Alboka Lamoille. Archived from the original on 2022-12-12. Retrieved 2020-04-26.
- ^ In Galicia and Asturias, Gaita means a bagpipe.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sánchez, Chico (6 July 2011). "La Gaita Gastoreña - Instrumentos musicales tradicionales de España". YouTube.
[note: video showing the gaita gastore being played]
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."AEROFONOS II". tamborileros.com (in español). Archived from the original on 21 February 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Payno, Luis. "La Chifla de Campoo" [The Country Whistle]. luispayno.es (in español).
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Payno, Luis. "La Turuta" [The Turuta]. luispayno.es (in español).
External links
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