Amahuaca language
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| Amahuaca | |
|---|---|
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| Native to | Peru, Brazil |
| Ethnicity | Amahuaca |
Native speakers | (520 cited 1995–2007)Template:Ethnologue25 does not exist |
Panoan
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| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | amc |
| Glottolog | amah1246 |
| ELP | Template:Endangered Languages Project |
| Linguasphere | Template:Infobox language/lingualist |
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Amahuaca is an indigenous language of the Amazon Basin in Peru and Brazil. It is also known as Amawaka, Amaguaco, Ameuhaque, Ipitineri, and Sayaco. Amahuaca is a Panoan language that is believed to be closely related to Cashinahua and Yaminawa.[1] There around 220 speakers in Brazil, and around 328 speakers in Peru.[2][3]
History
The Amahuaca people were first contacted by Franciscan missionaries in 1686. They were formerly hostile to other groups in the area and sometimes attacked them in raids. Even after the Amazon rubber cycle, which resulted in numerous deaths of Indigenous people in the region, the Amahuaca were still fairly numerous. However, conflict with other groups, such as the Yine, Shipibo, and Yaminawá, greatly reduced their numbers. Beginning in the 1960s, the Amahuaca began to move near Spanish-speaking mestizo communities, and gradually began to assimilate into their culture. More and more Amahuaca speakers, as a result, are becoming bilingual with Spanish. The Amahuaca language is now endangered and poised to become extinct in the near future.[4]
Classification
Amahuaca is a member of the Panoan language family.[4] David Fleck (2013) groups Amahuaca as being closest to the extinct Remo language of the Môa river and Tuxinawa, and the still-spoken Kashinawa and Yaminawa dialect complex, which also includes Sharanawa, Shanenawa, Yora, and Yawanawa.[1]Template:R/superscript
Phonology
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | nasal | plain | nasal | plain | nasal | |
| Close | i | ĩ | ɨ | ɨ̃ | ||
| Close-mid | o | õ | ||||
| Open | a | ã | ||||
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | |||
| Plosive | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| Fricative | s | ʃ | x | h | |
| Approximant | j | ||||
| Tap/flap | ɾ |
Writing system
30% of Amahuaca speakers are literate in Amahuaca and 50% are literate in Spanish. Amahuaca uses a Latin-based script. There are some bilingual schools. A dictionary has been developed along with a grammatical description and bible portions.[2]
See also
References
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- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fleck, David W. (2013). Panoan languages and linguistics. Anthropological papers of the American Museum of Natural History. New York, NY: American Museum of Natural History. ISBN 978-0-9852016-2-3.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
e25was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. 2017. Censos Nacionales 2017: XII de población, VII de vivienda y III de comunidades indígenas. https://www.inei.gob.pe/estadisticas/censos/ Accessed: 2019-02-01
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sparing-Chávez, Margarethe (2012). Aspects of Amahuaca Grammar (PDF). SIL International. ISBN 9781556713033. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-03-29. Retrieved 2018-07-11.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Inventory Amahuaca (SAPHON 1998)". phoible.org. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
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