Qaw el-Kebir
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Qaw el-Kebir
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| Country | File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt |
| Governorate | Asyut |
| Population | Template:Fix comma category |
| Template:Pluralize from text | Template:Pluralize from text |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
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Qaw el-Kebir (Template:Langx) or El Etmannyieh (Template:Langx) is a village in the Asyut Governorate of Egypt. An old settlement, it was known in Ancient Egypt as Tjebu[1] or Tkow (Template:Langx, Template:Langx). In Greek and Roman Egypt, its name was Antaeopolis (Template:Langx) after its tutelary deity, the war god known by the Hellenized name Antaeus.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
History
Middle Kingdom
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Several large terraced funerary complexes in Tjebu by officials of the 10th nome during the Twelfth and Thirteenth dynasties represent the peak of non-royal funerary architecture of the Middle Kingdom. Cemeteries of different dates were also found in the area.
New Kingdom
The tomb of the local governor May dates to the New Kingdom.
Ptolemaic temple
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The temple in this town was large, comparatively speaking—an 18-column pronaos, with a twelve-column hypostyle hall preceding the vestibule hall, the inner sanctum, and two flanking chambers of equal size.[2]
Fusion of Seth and Horus
The edifice was dedicated primarily to "Antaeus", who represented a warrior fusion of Seth and Horus. This deity's name is written with an obscure hieroglyph (G7a or G7b in the standard Gardiner list), which gives no clue as to the pronunciation. Modern Egyptologists read the name as Nemtiwey.
Cult of Nephthys
Nephthys was the primary goddess who received worship in this temple, or perhaps in an adjunct shrine of her own, as the corresponding female power of Nemtiwey. A Prophet of Nephthys is attested for Tjebu.[3] In cliffside quarries not far from the ancient site, visitors can see notable reliefs of both Antaeus and Nephthys.[4] At the same time, the site has again drawn most of its interest since 19th- and early 20th-century archaeologists have studied the maze of relatively well-preserved tombs in the district.[5]
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Statue of Governor Wahka, born of Neferhotep, from Qaw el-Kebir, between 1976 and 1794 BC. (Middle Kingdom). Museo Egizio, Turin.
See also
References
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- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bennett, James E. (2019). The Archaeology of Egypt in the Third Intermediate Period. Cambridge University Press. p. 213. ISBN 978-1-108-48208-0.
- ^ Description de l'Egypte, pp. 422–425.
- ^ Cf. Lexikon der A, E. Graefe, Nephthys, Chicago Stele.
- ^ Cf. Baedeker, 1902, etc.
- ^ Cf. Petrie, Flinders, Antaeopolis the Tombs of Qau (Egypt), London, Quaritch 1930.
Sources
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gauthier, Henri (1929). Dictionnaire des Noms Géographiques Contenus dans les Textes Hiéroglyphiques Vol. 6.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ilin-Tomich, Alexander (2018). "The Governor's Court in Late Middle Kingdom Antaeopolis". Revue d'Égyptologie. 68: 61–78. doi:10.2143/RE.68.0.3285267.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pfeiffer, Stefan (2015). Griechische und lateinische Inschriften zum Ptolemäerreich und zur römischen Provinz Aegyptus. Einführungen und Quellentexte zur Ägyptologie (in German). Vol. 9. Münster: Lit. pp. 126–128.
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