Autonomous okrugs of Russia

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Autonomous okrug
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CategoryFederated state
LocationRussian Federation
Number4
Populations42,090 (Nenets Autonomous Okrug) – 1,532,243 (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug)
Areas177,000 km2 (68,200 sq mi) (Nenets Autonomous Okrug) - 750,000 km2 (289,700 sq mi) (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug)
GovernmentPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
  • Okrug government
SubdivisionsPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.

Autonomous okrugs, (Template:Langx) which are also referred to as "autonomous districts" or "autonomous areas" are a type of federal subject of the Russian Federation and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2024, Russia has four autonomous okrugs of its 83 federal subjects.[a] The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is the only okrug which is not subordinate to an oblast. The Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a part of Arkhangelsk Oblast, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug are parts of Tyumen Oblast.

According to the Constitution of the Soviet Union, in case of a union republic voting on leaving the Soviet Union, autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts, and autonomous okrugs had the right, by means of a referendum, to independently resolve whether they will stay in the USSR or leave with the seceding union republic, as well as to raise the issue of their state-legal status.[3]

History

Originally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in the 1930s to provide autonomy to Indigenous peoples of the North, like the Karelian National Okrug for the Tver Karelians. The 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term "national okrugs" to "autonomous okrugs" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs were subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs were subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still could stay in the jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before.

List of autonomous okrugs

Flag Map Name
 Domestic names
 Capital
 Population (2010)[4]
 Area
 Formation
Flag of Chukotka
Map showing Chukotka in Russia
 Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 50,526 Script error: No such module "sort". 1930-12-10
Flag of Yugra
Map showing Yugra in Russia
 Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 1,532,243 Script error: No such module "sort". 1930-12-10
Flag of Nenetsia
Map showing Nenetsia in Russia
 Nenets Autonomous Okrug Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 42,090 Script error: No such module "sort". 1929-07-15
Flag of Yamalo-Nenetsia
Map showing Yamalo-Nenetsia in Russia
 Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 522,904 Script error: No such module "sort". 1930-12-10

Former autonomous okrugs

Flag Map Name
 Domestic names
 Capital
 Population
 Area
 Years
Flag of Agin-Buryatia
Map showing Agin-Buryatia in Russia
 Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 76,383 (2008) Script error: No such module "sort". 1937–2008
Flag of Evenkia
Map showing Evenkia in Russia
 Evenk Autonomous Okrug Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 16,979 (2007) Script error: No such module "sort". 1930–2007
Flag of Komi-Permyakia
Map showing Komi-Permyakia in Russia
 Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 132,824 (2005) Script error: No such module "sort". 1930–2005
Flag of Koryakia
Map showing Koryakia in Russia
 Koryak Autonomous Okrug Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 22,580 (2007) Script error: No such module "sort". 1930–2007
Flag of Taymyria
Map showing Taymyria in Russia
 Taymyr Dolgano-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Template:Langx (Script error: No such module "lang".) Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 38,372 (2007) Script error: No such module "sort". 1930–2007
Flag of Ust-Orda Buryatia
Map showing Ust-Orda Buryatia in Russia
 Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
 134,320 (2008) Script error: No such module "sort". 1937–2008

Recent developments

File:Subdivisions of the Soviet Union.svg
Map of the types of the subdivisions in the USSR as of 1983, with autonomous okrugs shown in pink.

In 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four. On 13 May 2020, the governors of Arkhangelsk Oblast and Nenets Autonomous Okrug announced their plan to merge following the collapse of oil prices stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic.[5][6] The process was subsequently scrapped on July 2 following public outcry to the merger.[7]

The ten autonomous okrugs in 1990 were:

Entity in 1990 Status in August 2008
Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug now Agin-Buryat Okrug of Zabaykalsky Krai
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug within Magadan Oblast no longer subordinated to Magadan Oblast
Evenk Autonomous Okrug within Krasnoyarsk Krai now Evenkiysky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai
Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug within Tyumen Oblast (no change)
Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug now Komi-Permyak Okrug of Perm Krai
Koryak Autonomous Okrug within Kamchatka Oblast now Koryak Okrug of Kamchatka Krai
Nenets Autonomous Okrug within Arkhangelsk Oblast (no change)
Taymyr Autonomous Okrug within Krasnoyarsk Krai now Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai
Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug within Irkutsk Oblast now Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug of Irkutsk Oblast
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug within Tyumen Oblast (no change)

Ethnic composition of autonomous okrugs

The table below also includes autonomous okrugs which have since changed status.

Autonomous Okrug Demographic composition (titular nation, Russians, other) [8]
year 1979 1989 2002 2010
Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug[9] ▲52.2, ▼42, ▲54.9, ▼40.8, ▲62.5, ▼35.1, ▲65.1, ▼32.5,
Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug[9] ▲61.6, ▼34.9, ▼60.2, ▲36.1, ▼59, ▲38.1, , ,
Koryak Autonomous Okrug (all Indigenous)[9] 16.3, 62.9, ▲16.45, ▼62, 24.9 ▲26.6, ▼50.5, ▲40.5 ▲30.3, ▼46.2, ▲46.5
Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Nenets) ▼12.8, ▲66, ▼11.1 ▼11.9, ▼65.8, ▼9.5 ▲18.6, ▼62.4, ▲10.8 Steady18.6, ▲66.1, ▼9
Taymyr Autonomous Okrug (Dolgan and Nenets)[9] ▼9.6, ▲68.9, ▼5 ▼8.9, ▼67.1, ▼4.4 ▲13.8, ▼58.6, ▲7.6 ▲15.7, ▼50.0, ▲10.1
Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug[9] ▲34.1, ▼58.3, ▲36.3, ▼56.5, ▲39.6, ▼54.4, ▲39.8, ▼54.2,
Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug ▼1.9, ▼74.3, ▼1.1 ▼0.9, ▼66.3, ▼0.5 ▲1.2, ▼66, ▲0.7 ▲1.3, ▲68.1, ▲0.8
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (all Indigenous) ▼8.1, ▼68.6, ▼7.3, ▼66.1, 9.6 ▲23.4, ▼51.8, ▲30.8 ▲26.7, ▲52.5, ▲35.3
Evenk Autonomous Okrug[9] ▼20, ▲62.5, ▼14.1, ▲67.5, ▲21.5, ▼61.9, ▲22.0, ▼59.4,
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Nenets) ▼10.7, ▲59.1, ▼4.2, ▲59.2, ▼1.5 ▲5.2, ▼58.8, ▲1.7 ▲5.9, ▲61.7, ▲1.9

Notes

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  1. ^ If including the Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine, it would be 89 federal subjects.[1][2]

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Heaney, Dominic, ed. (2023). "The Government of the Russian Federation". The Territories of the Russian Federation 2023 (24th ed.). Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 43–51. ISBN 9781032469744. Including the two territories in Crimea, the 85 territories comprise 22 republics, nine krais (provinces), 46 oblasts (regions), three cities of federal status (Moscow, St Petersburg and Sevastopol), one autonomous oblast and four autonomous okrugs.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dickson, Janice (September 30, 2022). "Putin signs documents to illegally annex four Ukrainian regions, in drastic escalation of Russia's war". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2022. Mr. Putin's claim to more than 15 per cent of Ukraine's territory is the largest annexation in Europe since the Second World War.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."СОЮЗ СОВЕТСКИХ СОЦИАЛИСТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСПУБЛИК. ЗАКОН О порядке решения вопросов, связанных с выходом союзной республики из СССР" (in русский). Archived from the original on September 12, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."2010 All-Russian Population Census" (PDF). All-Russian Population Census (in русский). December 22, 2011. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Quinn, Eilís (May 14, 2020). ""Catastrophic" economic situation prompts merger talks for Nenets AO and Arkhangelsk Oblast". The Barents Observer. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Russian Regions to Become Single Federal Subject in Decade-First". The Moscow Times. May 13, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Antonova, Elizaveta (July 2, 2020). "The head of the Nenets Autonomous District declared refusal to unite with the Arkhangelsk region". RBC (in русский). Retrieved July 6, 2020.
  8. ^ Are the people who are in parentheses next to the autonomous regions and the second-largest two-part Indigenous autonomous regions.
  9. ^ a b c d e f liquidated Autonomous okrug.

See also

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