Ballet flat

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Ballet flats

Ballet flats or ballet pumps are a style of shoe. The appearance is inspired by women's ballet shoes, with a very thin heel or the appearance of no heel at all.

Ballet flats are fashionably versatile as they are often worn with both formal and casual attire.[1][2]

History

File:Ballet flats.jpg
Sketch of a ballet flat with a contrasting toe

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Shoes with a similar shape to the ballet flat have existed since at least the sixteenth century, when men wore a similar shoe, then known as pompes.

In medieval times, ballet flats were popular with both men and women. They went out of fashion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries when the high-heeled shoe came into fashion after Catherine de' Medici requested that her cobbler add 5 cm (2 inches) to her wedding shoes. Heels lost popularity quickly after Marie Antoinette walked to the guillotine in a pair of heels. Functional shoes, such as sandals, boots, and flat shoes, prevailed in the nineteenth century.

In the 20th century, American fashion designer Claire McCardell commissioned Salvatore Capezio to make ballet flats with rubber soles in fabrics matching her designs, creating the modern ballet flat.[3] They were displayed at an exhibition of twenty years of McCardell's garments at the Frank Perls Gallery in Beverly Hills in April 1953.[4][5]

In 1947, Rose Repetto hand stitched her first ballet flat for her son, famous dancer and choreographer, Roland Petit. Once actress Brigitte Bardot donned a pair of Repetto's flats, variations of ballet flats became popular and returned as a fashion trend.[6] Repetto flats continue to be made and are designed for outdoor wear, using a variety of fabrics and usually with a rubber sole. In 1957, Audrey Hepburn wore ballet flats with cigarette pants in Funny Face, which also raised a wave of popularity.

Some dance schools allow ballet flats as part of their uniform requirements and some school bands require black ballet flats as part of the dress requirements for performances.[7][8][9][10][11]

Around 2005-2010 ballet pumps became highly fashionable, popularised by the wear of top models including Sienna Miller, Kate Moss and Mischa Barton.[12] The trend had a revival in 2022,[13] included in the "ballet and trench" style.[14]

Health concerns

A condition known as "turf toe", where the joint of the big toe becomes inflamed due to strain,[15] is associated with wearing ballet flats to walk on hard surfaces due to the lack of support and shock absorption in the shoe combined with the way a foot's natural shape is contorted to fit within the toe box.[12] Fashion writers advised wearing them sparingly.[16]

See also

References

Citations

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sourcing, 11 21 2015 | Fashion Fabric (2015-11-21). "Fashion Archives: The History of the Ballet Flat". StartUp Fashion. Retrieved 2019-07-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stimpert, Desiree. "Shoe Glossary: Ballerina Flats". LiveAbout. Archived from the original on 2021-07-24. Retrieved 2019-07-29.
  3. ^ White, Constance C. R. (1998-11-17). "Celebrating Claire McCardell". The New York Times. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Yohannan, Kohle (1998-10-15). Claire Mccardell. Abrams Books. ISBN 9780810943759.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marcus, Stanley (2001-01-01). Minding the Store. University of North Texas Press. ISBN 9781574411393.
  6. ^ Casa Couture. "The History of the Ballet Flat" Script error: No such module "webarchive".. casacouture.co. December 2012. November 2016.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Arizona Girls Willow Ballet Flats Slip-on Closed Toe". JCPenney. 2019-07-29. Archived from the original on 2023-01-01. Retrieved 2019-07-29.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Concert Dress". www.newhartmusic.com. Retrieved 2019-07-29.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Concert Attire Expectations". HILLCREST Middle School. Archived from the original on 2022-01-17. Retrieved 2019-07-29.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Program, Stevenson Instrumental Music. "Student attire requirements - Dec 5 Concert". www.stevensonbands.org. Archived from the original on 2019-07-30. Retrieved 2019-07-29.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Weddington Middle School Band: Concert Dress". Weddington Middle School Band. Archived from the original on 2023-01-01. Retrieved 2019-07-29.
  12. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The best ballet pumps and how to wear them | Times2 | The Times". The Times. 2022-05-04. Archived from the original on 2022-05-04. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The best ballet flats you can possibly add to your spring wardrobe". Cosmopolitan. 25 March 2024.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Walker, Harriet. "Trench plus ballet pumps: The très chic combo". The Times.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."What Is Turf Toe?". Cleveland Clinic. Archived from the original on 2024-12-12. Retrieved 2024-12-25.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Julia Guerra (2 August 2022). "Ballet Flats Are Trending — But They're Actually Terrible for Your Feet". InStyle. Retrieved 26 April 2024.

Bibliography

  • N. Rexford. Women's Shoes in America, 1875–1930. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University, 2000. page 65
  • P. McGinnis. Biomechanics of Sports and Exercise, second edition, Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics, 2005. page 139.
  • Thompson and R. T. Floyd. Manual of Structural Kinesiology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004. page 232.

Further reading

  • Page Template:Sister-inline/styles.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Sister project logo". Media related to Script error: No such module "Commons link". at Wikimedia Commons

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