Uke (martial arts)
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Script error: No such module "Nihongo". (Script error: No such module "IPA".) is in Japanese martial arts the person who "receives" a technique.[1] The exact role of uke varies between the different arts and often within the art itself depending on the situation.[2][3] For instance, in aikido, judo kata, and bujinkan ninjutsu, uke initiates an attack against their partner, who then defends, whereas in competition judo, there is no designated uke.[4]
An uke typically partners with a partner or nominal opponent.[5] The latter person may be referred to by any of several terms, again depending on the art or situation. They include Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., Script error: No such module "Nihongo"., Script error: No such module "Nihongo". and Script error: No such module "Nihongo"..
Seme
The counterpart of uke is seme (攻め, せめ; "attack", "offense"), the term for a kind of psychological pressure. The seme is the one inflicting something on to the uke. It is also an attitude meant to disrupt the opponent's sense of confidence and resolution, prior to an attack.
Ukemi
The action of uke is called "taking Script error: No such module "Nihongo".." Literally translated as "receiving body", it is the art of knowing how to respond correctly to an attack and often incorporates skills to allow one to do so safely. These skills can include moves similar to tumbling and are often used as a valid exercise in itself. In aikido and judo training for instance, many classes begin with ukemi training as conditioning.
Forms
- Script error: No such module "Nihongo". / Script error: No such module "Nihongo". – a forward roll from the leading foot's shoulder to the hip on the opposite side.[2][6]
- Script error: No such module "Nihongo". / Script error: No such module "Nihongo". – a forward breakfall.[7] This can be in the form of a hard slapping breakfall or more of a forward roll like motion. There are subtleties in the different types of forward roll but the principle is that when being thrown forwards the uke (person being thrown) is able to roll out of danger in preference to sustaining an injury.[8]
- Script error: No such module "Nihongo". / Script error: No such module "Nihongo". – a backwards roll or fall.[9][10]
- Script error: No such module "Nihongo". / Script error: No such module "Nihongo". – a sideways fall.[11][12]
- Script error: No such module "Nihongo". / Script error: No such module "Nihongo". / Script error: No such module "Nihongo". – more of a forward flip than a roll, a cross between yoko (landing) and mae ukemi (initiation), often used in response to wrist throws. Tobu (跳ぶ or 飛ぶ) is the Japanese verb for "to jump" and "to fly".[13]
Correct ukemi will allow the uke to suffer the least amount of damage possible from a fall. If done correctly, the force of hitting the ground will be spread out along non-critical parts of the uke's body. By properly doing ukemi, the uke can roll out of danger and move into their next course of action without being damaged too much by hitting the ground.
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Black Belt". November 1992. p. 108. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Richard Murat (2005). Karate For Beginners And Advanced. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 150. ISBN 9788126904600. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.J. Alswang (2003). The South African Dictionary of Sport. New Africa Books. p. 163. ISBN 9780864865359. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.J. A. Mangan (2001). Europe, Sport, World: Shaping Global Societies. Taylor & Francis. p. 211. ISBN 9780714681719. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jamie Striesend (August 2013). Sports. Lotus Press. p. 195. ISBN 9788189093617. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Takahiko Ishikawa; Donn Draeger (2011). Judo Training Methods: A Sourebook. Tuttle. ISBN 9781462902774. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.John Crossingham; Bobbie Kalman; Marc Crabtree (2006). Judo in Action. Crabtree Publishing Company. p. 14. ISBN 9780778703426. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Masao Takahashi (2005). Mastering Judo. p. 70. ISBN 9780736050999. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Richard Murat (2005). KarateFor Beginners And Advanced. p. 146. ISBN 9788126904600. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Neil Saunders (2003). Aikido: The Tomiki Way. p. 36. ISBN 9781412006682. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.James Moclair (2009). Ju-Jutsu: A Comprehensive Guide. p. 23. ISBN 9781467898126. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Adrien Breton (2016). The Homing Beacon of Martial Arts. Lulu.com. p. 44. ISBN 9781329960893. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nick Waites (2013). Essential Aikido: An Illustrated Handbook. Lulu Com. p. 28. ISBN 9781291559248. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
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