Chicago City Council

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Chicago City Council
Type
Type
History
FoundedDecember 13, 1837; 188 years ago (1837-12-13)
Leadership
Brandon Johnson (D)
since May 15, 2023
Vice Mayor
Vacant
since August 7, 2025
President pro tempore
Sam Nugent (D)
since May 15, 2023
Floor Leader
Jason Ervin (D)
since January 8, 2025
Assistant President pro tempore
Stephanie Coleman (D)
since May 15, 2023
Anna Valencia (D)
since January 25, 2017
Structure
Seats50
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Political groups
Length of term
4 years
Elections
Two-round system
Last election
2023
Next election
2027
Meeting place
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Council Chambers in Chicago City Hall

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The Chicago City Council is the legislative branch of the government of the city of Chicago in Illinois. It consists of 50 alderpersons elected from 50 wards to serve four-year terms.[1] The council is called into session regularly, usually monthly, to consider ordinances, orders, and resolutions whose subject matter includes code changes, utilities, taxes, and many other issues. The Chicago City Council Chambers are located in Chicago City Hall, as are the downtown offices of the individual alderpersons and staff.

The presiding officer of the council is the mayor of Chicago, who is usually non-voting, except in rare cases, such as to break a tie. The secretary is the city clerk of Chicago. Both positions are city-wide elected offices. In the absence of the mayor, an alderperson is elected to the position of President Pro Tempore serves as the presiding officer.[2][3]

Originally established as the Common Council in 1837, it was renamed City Council in 1876. The Council assumed its modern form of 50 wards electing one alderperson each in 1923.

Composition

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The most recent city council election was the 2023 Chicago aldermanic elections. The sitting term began on May 15, 2023.

Alderperson elections are officially nonpartisan; party affiliations below are informational only. Council members also self-organize into caucuses, or blocs that address particular issues.[4] Active caucuses include the Black Caucus, Democratic Socialist Caucus, Latino Caucus, LGBT Caucus, and Progressive Reform Caucus.[4][5]

Current composition of the Chicago City Council
Ward Name Start Party[a] Main community areas[b]
1 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] West Town, Logan Square
2 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[7] Near North Side, Lincoln Park
3 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] Grand Boulevard, Near South Side, Douglas
4 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[8] Douglas, Kenwood, Near South Side
5 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[9] Hyde Park, South Shore, Woodlawn
6 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[10] Greater Grand Crossing, Chatham
7 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] South Deering, South Chicago, South Shore
8 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts[c] style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] Avalon Park, Pullman
9 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] Roseland, West Pullman, Riverdale
10 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[11] South Deering, Hegewisch
11 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts[c] style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[12] Bridgeport, New City, Armour Square
12 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[13] Brighton Park, McKinley Park, New City
13 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[14] Clearing, Garfield Ridge
14 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic
[citation needed] 		Archer Heights, Gage Park
15 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] New City, Gage Park, West Englewood
16 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] West Englewood, Englewood, Chicago Lawn
17 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] Auburn Gresham, West Englewood, Chicago Lawn
18 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] Ashburn
19 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] Beverly, Mount Greenwood, Morgan Park
20 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[15] New City, Washington Park, Woodlawn
21 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[16] Washington Heights, West Pullman, Morgan Park
22 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] South Lawndale, Garfield Ridge
23 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts[c] style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[17] Garfield Ridge, West Lawn, West Elsdon
24 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts[c] style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[18] North Lawndale
25 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] Lower West Side, South Lawndale
26 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[19] Humboldt Park, West Town, Logan Square
27 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts[c] style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] Near West Side, West Town, Humboldt Park, Near North Side
28 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts[c] style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] Near West Side, East Garfield Park, West Garfield Park
29 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] Austin
30 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[21] Portage Park, Belmont Cragin, Irving Park
31 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] Belmont Cragin, Hermosa
32 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] Logan Square, Lincoln Park, North Center
33 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[11] Albany Park, Irving Park
34 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[22] Near West Side, Loop
35 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts[c] style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] Avondale, Logan Square
36 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[23] Belmont Cragin, West Town, Montclare
37 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts[c] style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] Austin, Humboldt Park
38 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Independent[24] Dunning, O'Hare, Portage Park
39 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[25] North Park, Forest Glen
40 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[26] Lincoln Square, West Ridge
41 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Independent[27] O'Hare, Norwood Park
42 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] Near North Side, Loop
43 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts[c] style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[28] Lincoln Park
44 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[29] Lake View
45 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] Jefferson Park, Forest Glen, Portage Park
46 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[30] Uptown, Lake View
47 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[31] North Center, Lincoln Square, Lake View, Uptown
48 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[32][33] Edgewater, Uptown
49 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[34][35] Rogers Park
50 Script error: No such module "Sort". Template:Dts style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Democratic[6] West Ridge

Standing committees

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Chicago City Hall, 1914

The city council is internally organized into subject-specific standing committees. Once proposed legislation is drafted, it is assigned to a specific standing committee. After a hearing and deliberation process, the committee votes on whether to report the proposed legislation to the full council, along with recommendations.[36]

The committees are created, and their leaders and members are selected, through a resolution passed by the whole council.[2] Historically, mayors have played a central role in selecting committee chairs.[3][37]

As of May 2023, a majority of incoming City Council members after the 2023 election had agreed to a plan for the following subcommittees and chair assignments:[38][39]

Committee Chair Vice Chair
Aviation Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Budget and Government Operations Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Committees and Rules Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Contracting Oversight and Equity Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Economic, Capital and Technology Development Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Education and Child Development Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Environmental Protection and Energy Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Ethics and Government Oversight Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Finance Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Revenue (subcommittee) Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Health and Human Relations Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Housing and Real Estate Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Immigration and Refugee Rights Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
License and Consumer Protection Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Pedestrian and Traffic Safety Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Police and Fire Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Public Safety Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Special Events Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Transportation and Public Way Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Workforce Development Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Youth Employment (subcommittee) Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".
Zoning, Landmarks and Building Standards Script error: No such module "Sort". Script error: No such module "Sort".

History

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File:Map of city of Chicago Ward System by population 1904.jpg
Map of city of Chicago ward system in 1904. Wards with lower populations have larger boundaries. External link: current map of Chicago wards

Chicago has been divided into wards since 1837, beginning with 6 wards. Until 1923, each ward elected two members to the city council. In 1923, the system that exists today was adopted with 50 wards, each with one council member elected by the ward. In accordance with Illinois state law, ward borders must be shifted after every federal census. This law is intended to give the population of the ward equal representation based by the size of the population of Chicago.[40]

Chicago is unusual among major United States cities in the number of wards and representative alderpersons that it maintains. It has been noted that the current ward system promotes diverse ethnic and cultural representation on the city council.[41]

In June 2021, the state of Illinois adopted a statute that changed the title of City Council members to alderperson (plural: alderpersons), replacing the gendered term aldermen.[42][43] However, some members of City Council continue to use the term alderman or instead use alderwoman or alder.[44]

Corruption

Chicago City Council Chambers has long been the center of public corruption in Chicago.[45][46] The first conviction of Chicago alderpersons and Cook County Commissioners for accepting bribes to rig a crooked contract occurred in 1869.[45] Between 1972 and 1999, 26 current or former Chicago alderpersons were convicted for official corruption.[47][48][49] Between 1973 and 2012, 31 alderpersons were convicted of corruption. Approximately 100 alderpersons served in that period, which is a conviction rate of about one-third.[45][50]

Fourteen of the Chicago's City Council's nineteen committees routinely violated the Illinois Open Meetings Act during the last four months of 2007 by not keeping adequate written records of their meetings.[51] Chicago City Council committees violated the Illinois Open Meetings Act and their own rules by meeting and taking actions without a quorum at least four times over the same four-month span.[52]

Over half of elected Chicago alderpersons took illegal campaign contributions totalling $282,000 in 2013.[53][54][55]

Election

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File:City of Chicago wards map (2023–).svg
Map of the 50 wards of the City of Chicago in use since 2023
(Template:Maplink)

Chicago alderpersons are elected by popular vote every four years, on the last Tuesday in February in the year following national mid-term elections. A run-off election, if no candidate garners more than fifty percent of the vote, is held on the first Tuesday in April. The election is held on a non-partisan basis. New terms begin at noon Central Time on the third Monday in May following the election.[56]

Authority and roles

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The council, in conjunction with the Mayor of Chicago, hears recommendations from the Commission on Chicago Landmarks and then may grant individual properties Chicago Landmark status. The Council also has the power to redraw ward boundaries, resulting in the heavily gerrymandered map seen today.

Law

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The Journal of the Proceedings of the City Council of the City of Chicago is the official publication of the acts of the City Council.[57] The Municipal Code of Chicago is the codification of Chicago's local ordinances of a general and permanent nature.[57][58] Between May 18, 2011, and August 2011, the first 100 days of the first term of Mayor Rahm Emanuel, 2,845 ordinances and orders were introduced to the Council.[59]

Aldermanic privilege

Chicago's alderpersons are generally given exceptional deference, called "aldermanic privilege" or "aldermanic prerogative", to control city decisions and services within their ward.[60][61] This is an unwritten and informal practice that emerged in the early 20th century and gives alderpersons control over "zoning, licenses, permits, property-tax reductions, city contracts and patronage jobs" in their wards.[62][63] Political scientists have suggested that this facilitates corruption.[62][63] The system has been described as "50 aldermen serving essentially as mayors of 50 wards."[64]

See also

Notes

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  1. ^ a b Aldermanic elections are officially nonpartisan; party affiliations are informational only.
  2. ^ Main community areas overlapping with the ward. Only community areas that make up 15% of the area of the ward or more are listed.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Date of appointment, not of first election.[20]

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References

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