Chinese people

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Chinese people
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The Chinese people, or simply Chinese, are people or ethnic groups identified with China. Understandings of who is considered Chinese have shifted across time through social construction.[1][2][3]

People of Chinese ethnicity or ancestry who live outside Greater China may consider themselves overseas Chinese.[4][5] In some areas throughout the world, ethnic enclaves known as Chinatowns are home to populations of overseas Chinese.

Terminology

The term Script error: No such module "Lang". (Template:Zh; Template:Langx) was used by the Qing government to refer to all traditionally native subjects of the empire, including Han, Manchu, and Mongols.[6] In modern Chinese, there is a distinction between Huaren and Zhongguoren. The former term refers to ethnic Chinese, and is often used for those who reside overseas or those who are non-citizens. The latter term refers to people who have lived in China or are Chinese citizens.[7][8][9] The term Zhongguoren has a more political or ideological aspect in its use, and while many in China may use Zhongguoren to mean the Chinese ethnicity, some in Taiwan would refuse to be called Zhongguoren.[10]

People from Taiwan, which is officially called the Republic of China (ROC), may also be referred to as "Chinese" in various contexts, though they are usually referred to as "Taiwanese". The territory of Taiwan is disputed and the ROC has limited recognition of its sovereignty.

Ethnicity

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A number of ethnic groups as well as other racial minorities of China are referred to as Chinese people.[11] Zhonghua minzu (Template:Zh), the "Chinese nation", is a supra-ethnic concept which includes all 56 ethnic groups living in China that are officially recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China. It includes established ethnic groups who have lived within the borders of premodern China.[12] The term zhonghua minzu was used during the Republic of China from 1911 to 1949 to refer to five primary ethnic groups[a] in China.[13] The term zhongguo renmin (Template:Zh), "Chinese people", was the government's preferred term during the early communist era; zhonghua minzu is more common in recent decades.[14]

Han Chinese

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Ethnic minorities

The Chinese government recognizes 56 ethnic groups in China. Other ethnic groups in China include the Zhuang, Hui, Manchus, Uyghurs, and Miao, who make up the five largest ethnic minorities in mainland China, with populations of approximately 10 million or more. In addition, the Yi, Tujia, Tibetans and Mongols each have populations between five and ten million. Ethnic minorities may consider themselves Zhongguoren.

Diaspora

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The Han, the Manchu, the Mongols, the Hui (applied to Muslims as a whole), and the Tibetans.
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References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Xu, Guoqi (2026). The Idea of China. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-30399-7.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chandra Ford; Nina T Harawa (29 April 2010). "A new conceptualization of ethnicity for social epidemiologic and health equity research". Soc Sci Med. 71 (2): 251–258. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.008. PMC 2908006. PMID 20488602.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Harding, Harry (1993). "The Concept of "greater China": Themes, Variations and Reservations". The China Quarterly. 136 (136): 660–86. doi:10.1017/S030574100003229X. JSTOR 655587. S2CID 154522700.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Barabantseva, Elena (2010). Overseas Chinese, Ethnic Minorities and Nationalism: De-Centering China. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-92736-2.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Park, Yoon Jung (2008). A Matter of Honour: Being Chinese in South Africa. Lexington Books. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-7391-3553-2.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zhao, Gang (2006). "Reinventing China: Imperial Qing ideology and the rise of Modern Chinese national identity in the early twentieth century" (PDF). Modern China. 32 (3). Sage: 3–30. doi:10.1177/0097700405282349. S2CID 144587815. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Beeson, Mark (2008). Contemporary Southeast Asia. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 118. ISBN 978-1-137-06880-4.
  8. ^ https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA Script error: No such module "webarchive". Template:Zh-no-labels Local people who live, reproduce, reside in China, or Chinese nationals of Chinese descent living overseas.
  9. ^ https://cwn.ling.sinica.edu.tw/_process.asp?inputword=%A4%A4%B0%EA%A4H&radiobutton=1 Script error: No such module "webarchive". Template:Zh-no-labels noun, ethnic groups of Zhonghua Minzu, or people of China
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hui-Ching Chang; Richard Holt (20 November 2014). Language, Politics and Identity in Taiwan: Naming China. Routledge. pp. 162–64. ISBN 978-1-135-04635-4. Archived from the original on 30 September 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Chinese". Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (Tenth ed.). Merriam-Webster. 1993.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Brief Introduction Chinese nationality". Chinatraveldepot.com. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Millward, James A. (2007). Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jenner, W.J.F. (2004). "Race and history in China". In Alan Lawrance (ed.). China Since 1919: Revolution and Reform: a Sourcebook. Psychology Press. pp. 252–255. ISBN 978-0-415-25141-9. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2015.

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Wikiquote has quotations related to Chinese people.

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