Windows-1251

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(Redirected from Code page 1251)

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Windows-1251
MIME / IANAPage Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.windows-1251
Alias(es)cp1251 (Code page 1251)
LanguageTemplate:Pluralize from textRussian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Serbian Cyrillic, Bosnian Cyrillic, Macedonian, Rotokas, Rusyn, English
Created byMicrosoft
StandardWHATWG Encoding Standard
Classificationextended ASCII, Windows-125x
Other related encodingTemplate:Pluralize from textAmiga-1251, KZ-1048,
RFC 1345's "ECMA-Cyrillic"

Windows-1251 is an 8-bit character encoding, designed to cover languages that use the Cyrillic script such as Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Serbian Cyrillic, Macedonian and other languages.

On the web, it is the second most-used single-byte character encoding (or third most-used character encoding overall), and most used of the single-byte encodings supporting Cyrillic. As of January 2024, 0.3% of all websites use Windows-1251.[1][2] It is by far mostly used for Russian, while a small minority of Russian websites use it, with 94.6% of Russian (.ru) websites using UTF-8,[3][4][5] and the legacy 8-bit encoding is distant second. In Linux, the encoding is known as cp1251.[6] IBM uses code page 1251 (CCSID 1251 and euro sign extended CCSID 5347) for Windows-1251.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

Windows-1251 and KOI8-R (or its Ukrainian variant KOI8-U) are much more commonly used than ISO 8859-5 (which is used by less than 0.0004% of websites).[14] In contrast to Windows-1252 and ISO 8859-1, Windows-1251 is not closely related to ISO 8859-5.

Unicode (e.g. UTF-8) is preferred to Windows-1251 or other Cyrillic encodings in modern applications, especially on the Internet, making UTF-8 the dominant encoding for web pages. (For further discussion of Unicode's complete coverage, of 436 Cyrillic letters/code points, including for Old Cyrillic, and how single-byte character encodings, such as Windows-1251 and KOI8-R, cannot provide this, see Cyrillic script in Unicode.)

Character set

The following table shows Windows-1251. Each character is shown with its Unicode equivalent and its Alt code.

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  Differences from Windows-1252

Kazakh variants

KZ-1048

An altered version of Windows-1251 was standardised in Kazakhstan as Kazakh standard STRK1048, and is known by the label KZ-1048. It differs in the rows shown below:

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  Differences from Windows-1251

Code Page 1174

Code Page 1174 is another variant created for the Kazakh language, which matches Windows-1251 for the Russian subset of the Cyrillic letters. It differs from KZ-1048 by moving the Cyrillic letter Shha from 8E/9E to 8A/9A.

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  Different from Windows-1251

Latvian variant

Windows Latvian + Russian is a modification of Windows-1251 to support the Latvian language. It uses the letter Ō/ō, abolished in 1946 but still used in the Latgalian language while it lacks the letter Ŗ/ŗ.

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  Differences from Windows-1251

Finnish variant

Windows Cyrillic + Finnish is a modification of Windows-1251 that was used by Paratype to cover the Finnish language. This encoding is supported by FontLab Studio 5.[15] This variant is missing the letters Š and Ž which are used in loanwords in Finnish and can be replaced by the digraphs SH and ZH.

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  Differences from Windows-1251

Amiga variant

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Amiga-1251
MIME / IANAPage Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.Amiga-1251
Alias(es)Ami1251
LanguageTemplate:Pluralize from textEnglish, Russian
Classificationextended ASCII
Based onWindows-1251, ISO-8859-1, ISO-8859-15

Russian Amiga OS systems used a version of code page 1251 which matches Windows-1251 for the Russian subset of the Cyrillic letters, but otherwise mostly follows ISO-8859-1. This version is known as Amiga-1251,[16] under which name it is registered with the IANA.[17]

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  Different from Windows-1251 to match ISO-8859-1

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  Different from both Windows-1251 and ISO-8859-1

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See also

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Historical trends in the usage of character encodings, January 2024". Retrieved 2024-01-01.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Frequently Asked Questions".
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Distribution of Character Encodings among websites that use .ru". w3techs.com. Retrieved 2024-01-01.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Distribution of Character Encodings among websites that use Russian". w3techs.com. Retrieved 2023-01-16.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Distribution of Character Encodings among websites that use Russian Federation". w3techs.com. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."cp1251(7) - Linux manual page". man7.org. Retrieved 2018-07-01.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Code page 1251 information document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."CCSID 1251 information document". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."CCSID 5347 information document". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Code Page CPGID 01251 (pdf) (PDF), IBM
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Code Page CPGID 01251 (txt), IBM
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-1251_P100-1995.ucm, 2002-12-03
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-5347_P100-1998.ucm, 2002-12-03
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Usage Statistics of Character Encodings for Websites". w3techs.com.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."FontLab Studio 5. Classic pro font editor for Mac & Windows".
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference malyshev was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Character Sets". IANA.

Further reading

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