Compiègne
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Compiègne (Script error: No such module "IPA".; Template:Langx) is a commune in the Oise department of northern France.[2] It is located on the river Oise,[3] and its inhabitants are called Compiégnois (Script error: No such module "IPA".).
Administration
Compiègne is the seat of two cantons:[2]
- Compiègne-1 (with 19 communes and part of Compiègne)
- Compiègne-2 (with 16 communes and part of Compiègne)
History
- 665 - Saint Wilfrid was consecrated Bishop of York. Wilfrid refused to be consecrated in Northumbria at the hands of Anglo-Saxon bishops. Deusdedit, Archbishop of Canterbury, had died, and as there were no other bishops in Britain whom Wilfrid considered to have been validly consecrated, he travelled to Compiègne, to be consecrated by Agilbert, the Bishop of Paris.
- 757 - Byzantine emperor Constantine V sent to Compiègne a gift for Pepin the Short : France's first organ.
- 833 - Louis the Pious (also known as King Louis I, the Debonair) was deposed in Compiègne.[3]
- February 888 - Odo, Count of Paris and king of the Franks was crowned in Compiègne.
- 23 May 1430 - During the Hundred Years' War, Joan of Arc was captured by the Burgundians while attempting to free Compiègne. They then sold her to the English.[4]
- 1557 - Battle of St. Quentin, where Habsburg Spanish forces defeat a French army in the Italian War of 1551–1559
- 1558 - The English occupy Compiègne
- 1624 - Compiègne gave its name to the Treaty of Compiègne, a treaty of alliance concluded by Cardinal Richelieu with the Dutch.[3]
- 1630 - Marie de' Medici's attempts to displace Richelieu ultimately led to her exile to Compiègne, from where she escaped to Brussels in 1631.
- 17 July 1794 - The Martyrs of Compiègne are executed in Paris during the Reign of Terror.
- 1900 - The golf events for the 1900 Summer Olympics took place.[5]
- 11 November 1918 - The Armistice with Germany, agreed at Le Francport near Compiègne, ends fighting in World War I.
- 22 June 1940 - The Second Compiègne Armistice was signed between Nazi Germany and the defeated France in Le Francport, in the same place as in 1918, in the same railroad carriage, but with the seats swapped.
- 1941 - During the German occupation of France, the Compiègne internment camp was established in Compiègne. A memorial of the camp, and another along the railway tracks, commemorate the tragedy.
- 1972 - Creation of the University of Technology of Compiègne
- 1977 - The starting location of the Paris–Roubaix bicycle race was changed from Paris to Compiègne.
Population
Compiègne is the central commune of an urban unit with 71,598 inhabitants, and a larger commuter zone with 142,230 inhabitants as of 2022.[6] The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Compiègne proper.
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<timeline>
Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.664, 0.664, 0.930) ImageSize = width:400 height:180 PlotArea = left:44 bottom:27 top:20 right:10 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:45000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:10000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:5000 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo TextData = pos:(200,20) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"year" pos:(185,182) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"population" BarData= bar:1785 text:1785 bar:1786 bar:1787 bar:1788 bar:1789 bar:1790 bar:1791 bar:1792 bar:1793 bar:1794 bar:1795 bar:1796 bar:1797 bar:1798 bar:1799 bar:1800 bar:1801 bar:1802 bar:1803 bar:1804 bar:1805 bar:1806 bar:1807 bar:1808 bar:1809 bar:1810 bar:1811 bar:1812 bar:1813 bar:1814 bar:1815 bar:1816 bar:1817 bar:1818 bar:1819 bar:1820 text:1820 bar:1821 bar:1822 bar:1823 bar:1824 bar:1825 bar:1826 bar:1827 bar:1828 bar:1829 bar:1830 bar:1831 bar:1832 bar:1833 bar:1834 bar:1835 bar:1836 bar:1837 bar:1838 bar:1839 bar:1840 bar:1841 bar:1842 bar:1843 bar:1844 bar:1845 bar:1846 bar:1847 bar:1848 bar:1849 bar:1850 bar:1851 bar:1852 bar:1853 bar:1854 bar:1855 text:1855 bar:1856 bar:1857 bar:1858 bar:1859 bar:1860 bar:1861 bar:1862 bar:1863 bar:1864 bar:1865 bar:1866 bar:1867 bar:1868 bar:1869 bar:1870 bar:1871 bar:1872 bar:1873 bar:1874 bar:1875 bar:1876 bar:1877 bar:1878 bar:1879 bar:1880 bar:1881 bar:1882 bar:1883 bar:1884 bar:1885 bar:1886 bar:1887 bar:1888 bar:1889 bar:1890 text:1890 bar:1891 bar:1892 bar:1893 bar:1894 bar:1895 bar:1896 bar:1897 bar:1898 bar:1899 bar:1900 bar:1901 bar:1902 bar:1903 bar:1904 bar:1905 bar:1906 bar:1907 bar:1908 bar:1909 bar:1910 bar:1911 bar:1912 bar:1913 bar:1914 bar:1915 bar:1916 bar:1917 bar:1918 bar:1919 bar:1920 bar:1921 bar:1922 bar:1923 bar:1924 bar:1925 text:1925 bar:1926 bar:1927 bar:1928 bar:1929 bar:1930 bar:1931 bar:1932 bar:1933 bar:1934 bar:1935 bar:1936 bar:1937 bar:1938 bar:1939 bar:1940 bar:1941 bar:1942 bar:1943 bar:1944 bar:1945 bar:1946 bar:1947 bar:1948 bar:1949 bar:1950 bar:1951 bar:1952 bar:1953 bar:1954 bar:1955 bar:1956 bar:1957 bar:1958 bar:1959 bar:1960 text:1960 bar:1961 bar:1962 bar:1963 bar:1964 bar:1965 bar:1966 bar:1967 bar:1968 bar:1969 bar:1970 bar:1971 bar:1972 bar:1973 bar:1974 bar:1975 bar:1976 bar:1977 bar:1978 bar:1979 bar:1980 bar:1981 bar:1982 bar:1983 bar:1984 bar:1985 bar:1986 bar:1987 bar:1988 bar:1989 bar:1990 bar:1991 bar:1992 bar:1993 bar:1994 bar:1995 text:1995 bar:1996 bar:1997 bar:1998 bar:1999 bar:2000 bar:2001 bar:2002 bar:2003 bar:2004 bar:2005 bar:2006 bar:2007 bar:2008 bar:2009 bar:2010 bar:2011 bar:2012 bar:2013 bar:2014 bar:2015 bar:2016 bar:2017 bar:2018 bar:2019 bar:2020 bar:2021 bar:2022 bar:2023 bar:2024 bar:2025 bar:2026 bar:2027 bar:2028 bar:2029 bar:2030 text:2030 PlotData= color:barra width:3 align:left bar:1793 from: 0 till:8000 bar:1800 from: 0 till:7058 bar:1806 from: 0 till:7165 bar:1821 from: 0 till:7228 bar:1831 from: 0 till:8879 bar:1836 from: 0 till:8895 bar:1841 from: 0 till:9076 bar:1846 from: 0 till:9762 bar:1851 from: 0 till:10795 bar:1856 from: 0 till:10364 bar:1861 from: 0 till:12137 bar:1866 from: 0 till:10714 bar:1872 from: 0 till:10775 bar:1876 from: 0 till:13393 bar:1881 from: 0 till:14008 bar:1886 from: 0 till:14375 bar:1891 from: 0 till:14498 bar:1896 from: 0 till:15225 bar:1901 from: 0 till:16503 bar:1906 from: 0 till:16868 bar:1911 from: 0 till:17046 bar:1921 from: 0 till:16179 bar:1926 from: 0 till:17361 bar:1931 from: 0 till:17852 bar:1936 from: 0 till:18885 bar:1946 from: 0 till:18218 bar:1954 from: 0 till:22325 bar:1962 from: 0 till:24427 bar:1968 from: 0 till:29700 bar:1975 from: 0 till:37699 bar:1982 from: 0 till:40384 bar:1990 from: 0 till:41896 bar:1999 from: 0 till:41254 bar:2007 from: 0 till:41714 bar:2012 from: 0 till:40028 bar:2017 from: 0 till:40199 bar:2023 from: 0 till:40761</timeline> | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source: EHESS[7] and INSEE (1968–2023)[8] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sights
The Hôtel de Ville (town hall) was completed in 1530.[9]
Museums
- Château de Compiègne - the castle itself, and museums of the Second French Empire and of motoring and tourism within its walls
- Musée Antoine Vivenel
- Museum of historic figurines
- Memorial of internment and deportation
Compiègne Forest
Template:Main article The Glade of the Armistice in the Compiègne Forest was the site of the signing of two armistices; those of 11 November 1918 and 22 June 1940. Hitler specifically chose the location of the second, and had the original signing carriage moved from Paris to Compiègne, as an irony for the defeated French.
The site still houses several memorials to the 1918 armistice, including a copy of the original railway carriage. The original, Marshal Foch's Carriage, was taken to Germany as a trophy of victory following the second armistice. Various rumors about what happened to this railway carriage thereafter have flourished ever since. Some believe it was destroyed by the SS in Thuringia in April 1945; others say this happened in Berlin, but most likely it was destroyed during an Allied air-raid on Berlin. The latter version seems most plausible, since Ferdinand Foch's carriage actually was displayed at a Berlin museum.[10][11][12]
The University of Technology of Compiègne
Template:Main article Compiègne is home to the University of Technology of Compiègne (UTC), one of the top ranking engineering school in France, founded as a Technology University in 1972 to provide an alternative to the traditional "grandes écoles" for students interested in technologies and applied science.[13]
Transport
Compiègne station offers connections with Paris, Amiens, Cambrai and several regional destinations. The nearest motorway is the A1 Paris-Lille. The nearest airport is Charles de Gaulle Airport, located 58 km (36 mi) south west of the commune.
Cycling
Since 1977, Compiègne is the traditional start city of the famous Paris–Roubaix bicycle race. It was also the finish city of the 3rd stage in the 2007 Tour de France.
Notable people
Compiègne has been home to:
- Roscellinus (~1050 - ~1122), philosopher and theologian, often regarded as the founder of Nominalism
- Pierre d'Ailly (1350–1420), theologian and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
- Albert Robida (1848–1926), illustrator, etcher, lithographer, caricaturist, and novelist
- Eugène Albertini (1880–1941), teacher in Latin literature, historian of ancient Rome, and epigrapher of Latin texts
- Marcel Tabuteau (1887–1966), Oboist, regarded as the founder of American oboe playing.
- Suzanne Lenglen (1899–1938), tennis player, international female sport star
- Lucas Debargue (1990–), pianist and composer who works in both the classical and jazz fields.
- The Martyrs of Compiègne
International relations
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Compiègne is twinned with:
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Compiègne is also partnered with:
Climate
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See also
- Communes of the Oise department
- Dialogues of the Carmelites
- Martyrs of Compiegne
- Monument aux morts (Oise)
- Siege of Compiègne
- Timeline of deportations of French Jews to death camps
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Répertoire national des élus: les maires". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in français). 2 December 2020.
- ^ a b INSEE commune file
- ^ a b c Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Deborah A. Fraioli (2005). Joan of Arc and the Hundred Years War. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-313-32458-1.
- ^ 1900 Summer Olympics official report. p. 15. Accessed 14 November 2010. Template:In lang
- ^ Comparateur de territoire: Unité urbaine 2020 de Compiègne (60502), Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Compiègne (078), INSEE. Retrieved 26 March 2026.
- ^ Template:Cassini-Ehess
- ^ Population municipale entre 1968 et 2023, INSEE
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Compiègne: La Place de l'Hôtel de Ville". la Forêt de Compiègne. Retrieved 10 January 2025.
- ^ Moved to Berlin - Steven Budiansky, The Complete Story of Codebreaking During WW2,Template:ISBN, page 136
- ^ Moved to Berlin, and there destroyed in an air raid - Brian Hanley, Planning for Conflict in the 21st Century, page 116" available here [1]
- ^ Also, William L. Shirer in his The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (unknown ISBN) states it was destroyed during a bombing raid on Berlin.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."utc - UTC". www.utc.fr. Archived from the original on 12 May 2016.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Elbląg - Podstrony / Miasta partnerskie". Elbląski Dziennik Internetowy (in polski). Archived from the original on 15 March 2011. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Elbląg - Miasta partnerskie". Elbląg.net (in polski). Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Normales et records pour Margny-lès-Compiègne (60)". Meteociel. Retrieved 21 November 2024.
External links
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- City council website (in French)
- Le musée du château/The Château museum
- Memorial to Nazi/French Internment Camp and Deportations During WW2
- Steven Lehrer's Compiègne site
- Universite de Technologie de Compiegne
- Joan of Arc Captured At Compiegne
- customized transport in compiègne
- Concerts in Compiègne
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