Developed country
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A developed country, or advanced country,[1][2] is a country that has a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are: gross domestic product (GDP), gross national income (GNI), per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living.[3] Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate. Different definitions of developed countries are provided by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA), the World Bank, the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Paris Club and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), while the Human Development Index is used to rank countries on the composite basis of life expectancy, education, and income per capita.
Developed countries have generally more advanced post-industrial economies, meaning the tertiary sector provides more wealth than the secondary sector. They are contrasted with developing countries, which are in the process of industrialisation or are pre-industrial and almost entirely agrarian, some of which might fall into the category of least developed countries. As of 2023[update], advanced economies constitute 57.3% of global GDP based on nominal value and 41.1% of global GDP based on purchasing power parity (PPP) according to the IMF.[4]
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Definition and criteria
Economic criteria have tended to dominate discussions. One such criterion is the income per capita; countries with the high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita would thus be described as developed countries. Another economic criterion is industrialisation; countries in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate would thus be described as developed. More recently, another measure, the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines an economic measure, national income, with other measures, indices for life expectancy and education has become prominent. This criterion would define developed countries as those with a very high (HDI) rating. The index, however, does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most advanced countries, such as the G7 members and others.[5][6]
According to the United Nations Statistics Division:
There is no established convention for the designation of "developed" and "developing" countries or areas in the United Nations system.[7]
And it notes that:
The designations "developed" and "developing" are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.[8]
Nevertheless, the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) considers that this categorization can continue to be applied:
The developed economies broadly comprise Northern America and Europe, Israel, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Australia, and New Zealand.[9]
Similar terms
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Terms linked to the concept developed country include "advanced country", "industrialized country", "more developed country" (MDC), "more economically developed country" (MEDC), "Global North country", "first world country", and "post-industrial country". The term industrialized country may be somewhat ambiguous, as industrialisation is an ongoing process that is hard to define. The first industrialized country was the United Kingdom, followed by Belgium. Later it spread further to Germany, United States, France and other Western European countries. According to some economists such as Jeffrey Sachs, however, the current divide between the developed and developing world is largely a phenomenon of the 20th century.[10]
Mathis Wackernagel calls the binary labeling of countries as "neither descriptive nor explanatory. It is merely a thoughtless and destructive endorsement of GDP fetish. In reality, there are not two types of countries, but over 200 countries, all faced with the same laws of nature, yet each with unique features."[11]
A 2021 analysis proposes the term emerged to describe markets, economies, or countries that have graduated from emerging market status, but have not yet reached the level equivalent to developed countries.[12] Multinational corporations from these emerging markets present unique patterns of overseas expansion and knowledge acquisition from foreign countries.
Economy lists by various criteria
Human Development Index (HDI)
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The UN HDI is a statistical measure that gauges an economy's level of human development. While there is a strong correlation between having a high HDI score and being a prosperous economy, the UN points out that the HDI accounts for more than income or productivity. Unlike GDP per capita or per capita income, the HDI takes into account how income is turned "into education and health opportunities and therefore into higher levels of human development."
Since 1990, Norway (2001–2006, 2009–2019), Japan (1990–1991 and 1993), Canada (1992 and 1994–2000) and Iceland (2007–2008) have had the highest HDI score.
The following countries in the year 2023 are considered to be of "very high human development":[13]
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| Rank | Δ | Country or territory | HDI value | % annual growth (2010–2023) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland | 0.972 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 2 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway | 0.970 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Switzerland | Script error: No such module "sort". | ||
| 4 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark | 0.962 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 5 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany | 0.959 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden | Script error: No such module "sort". | ||
| 7 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia | 0.958 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 8 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands | 0.955 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Hong Kong.svg Hong Kong | Script error: No such module "sort". | ||
| 10 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium | 0.951 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 11 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland | 0.949 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 12 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland | 0.948 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 13 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore | 0.946 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg United Kingdom | Script error: No such module "sort". | ||
| 15 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates | 0.940 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 16 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada | 0.939 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 17 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein | 0.938 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand | Script error: No such module "sort". | ||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Script error: No such module "sort". | ||
| 20 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea | 0.937 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 21 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia | 0.931 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 22 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria | 0.930 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 23 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan | 0.925 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 24 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta | 0.924 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 25 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg | 0.922 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 26 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of France.svg France | 0.920 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 27 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel | 0.919 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 28 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain | 0.918 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 29 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechia | 0.915 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | Script error: No such module "sort". | ||
| Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino | Script error: No such module "sort". | ||
| 32 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus | 0.913 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra | Script error: No such module "sort". | ||
| 34 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece | 0.908 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 35 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland | 0.906 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 36 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia | 0.905 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 37 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia | 0.900 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 38 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain | 0.899 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 39 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania | 0.895 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 40 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal | 0.890 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 41 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia | 0.889 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia | Script error: No such module "sort". | ||
| 43 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar | 0.886 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 44 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia | 0.880 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 45 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile | 0.878 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 46 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary | 0.870 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 47 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina | 0.865 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 48 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro | 0.862 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay | Script error: No such module "sort". | ||
| 50 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman | 0.858 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 51 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey | 0.853 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 52 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait | 0.852 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 53 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda | 0.851 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 54 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles | 0.848 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 55 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria | 0.845 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania | Script error: No such module "sort". | ||
| 57 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia | 0.844 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 58 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.840 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 59 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama | 0.839 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 60 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei | 0.837 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan | Script error: No such module "sort". | ||
| 62 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica | 0.833 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia | Script error: No such module "sort". | ||
| 64 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia | 0.832 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 65 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus | 0.824 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 66 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas | 0.820 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 67 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia | 0.819 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 68 | Script error: No such module "sort". | Template:Country data North Macedonia | 0.815 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 69 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados | 0.811 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia | Script error: No such module "sort". | ||
| 71 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania | 0.810 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 72 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago | 0.807 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 73 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius | 0.806 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
| 74 | Script error: No such module "sort". | File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.804 | Script error: No such module "sort". |
WESP developed economies
According to the World Economic Situation and Prospects report by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA), the following 37 countries are classified as "developed economies" as of January 2026:[14]
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World Bank high-income economies
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According to the World Bank, the following sovereign states and territories across are classified as "high-income economies", having a nominal GNI per capita in excess of $13,935 as of the 2025 fiscal year:[15]
Non-sovereign entities appear in italics.
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Development Assistance Committee members
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There are 32 OECD member countries and the European Union—in the Development Assistance Committee (DAC),[16] a group of the world's major donor countries that discusses issues surrounding development aid and poverty reduction in developing countries.[17] The following OECD member countries are DAC members:
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IMF advanced economies
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According to the International Monetary Fund, 43 countries and territories are officially listed as "advanced economies",[18] with the addition of 6 microstates and dependencies listed by the CIA but omitted from the IMF version:[19]
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d The CIA has modified an older version of the IMF's list of advanced economies, noting that it "would presumably also cover the following nine smaller countries of Andorra, Bermuda, Faroe Islands, Guernsey, Holy See, Jersey, Liechtenstein, Monaco, and San Marino[...]". San Marino (2012), Andorra (2021) and Liechtenstein (2025) were later included in the IMF's list.[20]
Paris Club members
There are 22 permanent members in the Paris Club (Template:Langx), a group of officials from major creditor countries whose role is to find coordinated and sustainable solutions to the payment difficulties experienced by debtor countries.
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UNIDO high-income industrial economies
According to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), 48 countries and one territory are categorized as "high-income industrial economies".[21] This classification, first implemented in 2022, is assigned to economies that have achieved a high national income through a development path resulting in high levels of industrialization.[21] UNIDO determines this status by evaluating three core dimensions of the manufacturing sector: value added (manufacturing value added per capita), historical employment share, and the quality of exports (average exports of medium- and high-technology products).[21] Previously, UNIDO's top-tier classification of "industrialized economies" included countries that were not high-income economies, e.g. Belarus and Malaysia.[22]
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Comparative table
Comparative table of countries with a "very high" human development (0.800 or higher), according to the UNDP; "developed" economies, according to the World Economic Situation and Prospects report by UNDESA; "high-income" economies, according to the World Bank; DAC members; "advanced" economies, according to the IMF; Paris Club members; and/or "high-income industrial economies", according to UNIDO.
Year of inclusion in brackets; non-sovereign entities in italics.
See also
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Notes
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- ^ a b Not included in the United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report.
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- ^ The Human Development Report does not include Taiwan because it is no longer a UN member state, nor is it included as part of the People's Republic of China.[32] Taiwan's Statistical Bureau calculated its HDI to be 0.926 based on UNDP's 2010 methodology,[33][34] which would place Taiwan well within the group of "very high human development" at 19th globally in 2021 within the 2022 UNDP report.[35][36]
References
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External links
- Template:Wikiquote-inline
- IMF (advanced economies)
- The World Factbook Script error: No such module "webarchive". (developed countries)
- United Nations Statistics Division (definition)
- List of countries, United Nations Statistics Division (developed regions)
- World Bank (high-income economies)
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