Orientation (mental)
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Orientation is a function of the mind involving awareness of three dimensions: time, place, and person.[1] Problems with orientation lead to disorientation, and can be due to various conditions. It ranges from an inability to coherently understand person, place, time, and situation, to complete disorientation.
Assessment
Assessment of a person's mental orientation is frequently designed to evaluate the need for focused diagnosis and treatment of conditions leading to an altered level of consciousness. A variety of basic prompts and tests are available to determine a person's level of orientation.[2] These tests frequently primarily assess the ability of the person (within EMS) to perform basic functions of life (see: Airway Breathing Circulation), many assessments then gauge their level of amnesia, awareness of surroundings, concept of time, place, and response to verbal, and sensory stimuli.[3][2]
Causes of mental disorientation
Disorientation has a variety of causes, physiological and mental in nature. Physiological disorientation is frequently caused by an underlying or acute condition. Disease or injury that impairs the delivery of essential nutrients such as glucose, oxygen, fluids, or electrolytes can impair homeostasis, and therefore neurological function causing mental disorientation.[4] Other causes are psycho-neurological in nature (see also Cognitive disorder) stemming from chemical imbalances in the brain, deterioration of the structure of the brain, or psychiatric states or illnesses that result in disorientation.[5]
Mental orientation is frequently affected by shock, including physiological shock (see: Shock circulatory) and mental shock (see: Acute stress reaction, a psychological condition in response to acute stressful stimuli.) [5]
Areas within precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, inferior parietal lobe, medial prefrontal cortex, lateral frontal, lateral temporal cortices are believed to be responsible for situational orientation.[6]
See also
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Berrios, G.E. (September 1982). "Disorientation states and psychiatry". Comprehensive Psychiatry. 23 (5): 479–491. doi:10.1016/0010-440X(82)90161-4. PMID 7140264.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kipps, C M (March 2005). "Cognitive assessment for clinicians". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 76 (Suppl 1): i22–i30. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.059758. PMC 1765683. PMID 15718218.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."6.4: Assessing Mental Status". Medicine LibreTexts. 2021-04-24. Retrieved 2023-08-25.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.E Warren, Roderick; M Frier, Brian (7 September 2005). "Hypoglycaemia and cognitive function". Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 7 (5): 493–503. doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2004.00421.x. PMID 16050942.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Australia, Healthdirect (2023-02-04). "Disorientation". www.healthdirect.gov.au. Retrieved 2023-08-25.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Peer, Michael; Salomon, Roy; Goldberg, Ilan; Blanke, Olaf; Arzy, Shahar (September 2015). "Brain system for mental orientation in space, time, and person". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (35): 11072–11077. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11211072P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1504242112. PMC 4568229. PMID 26283353.
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