Duke of Alba
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Template:DMCA Template:Infobox nobility title
Duke of Alba de Tormes (Template:Langx), commonly known as Duke of Alba, is a title of Spanish nobility that is accompanied by the dignity of Grandee of Spain.[1] In 1472, the title of Count of Alba de Tormes, inherited by García Álvarez de Toledo, was elevated to the title of Duke of Alba de Tormes by King Henry IV of Castile.[2] The title's name refers to the municipality of Alba de Tormes in the Province of Salamanca, Spain.
History
The dukedom of Alba de Tormes is one of the most significant noble titles of Spain and gives its name to the House of Alba. Over the centuries, members of three distinct family dynasties have held the title in succession – the House of Álvarez de Toledo, the House of Silva (extinct in 1802) and the House of Fitz-James Stuart, which descends from an illegitimate son of King James II of England.
Famous holders of this dukedom include Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, governor of the Spanish Netherlands (references to "Alba" (or "Alva" in Dutch), particularly in the context of Dutch history, are usually about him), and Doña María del Pilar de Silva, 13th Duchess of Alba, a muse of the painter Francisco Goya. When they first met, Francisco Goya was much older than the Duchess of Alba. Goya was in his late 40s and the Duchess was in her early 30s.[3]
Various dukes have married into the families of Christopher Columbus and Cosimo de Medici, as well as the line of the Dukes of Berwick, making them distant relatives of the Earls Spencer and the Dukes of Marlborough.
Today, the ducal family of Alba retains a large and valuable collection of art and historic documents. The largest part of this treasure is kept at the main residence of the family in Madrid, the Liria Palace.
Lords of Alba de Tormes (1429)
- Don Gutierre Álvarez de Toledo, Archbishop of Toledo (also Bishop of Palencia, Archbishop of Seville)[4]
- Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, nephew of Gutierre Álvarez de Toledo (created Count of Alba de Tormes in 1439)
Counts of Alba de Tormes (1439)
- Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 1st Count of Alba
- Don García Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Count of Alba (created Duke of Alba de Tormes in 1472)
Dukes of Alba de Tormes (1472)
- 1472-1488: Don García Álvarez de Toledo, 1st Duke of Alba
- 1488-1531: Don Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Duke of Alba
- 1531-1582: Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba known in The Netherlands as the Iron Duke for his harsh action in the Eighty Years' War
- 1582-1583: Don Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 4th Duke of Alba
- 1583-1639: Don Antonio Álvarez de Toledo, 5th Duke of Alba
- 1639-1667: Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 6th Duke of Alba
- 1667-1690: Don Antonio Álvarez de Toledo, 7th Duke of Alba
- 1690-1701: Don Antonio Álvarez de Toledo, 8th Duke of Alba
- 1701-1711: Don Antonio Martín Álvarez de Toledo, 9th Duke of Alba
- 1711-1739: Don Francisco Álvarez de Toledo, 10th Duke of Alba
- 1739-1755: Doña María Teresa Álvarez de Toledo, 11th Duchess of Alba
- 1755-1776: Don Fernando de Silva, 12th Duke of Alba
- 1776-1802: Doña María Teresa de Silva, 13th Duchess of Alba
- 1802-1835: Don Carlos Miguel Fitz-James Stuart, 14th Duke of Alba (see also Duke of Berwick)
- 1847-1881: Don Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 15th Duke of Alba
- 1882-1901: Don Carlos María Fitz-James Stuart, 16th Duke of Alba
- 1902-1953: Don Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba
- 1955-2014: Doña María del Rosario Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart y Silva, 18th Duchess of Alba
- 2015-present: Don Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba[1]
Genealogy
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Álvarez de Toledo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| García Lord of Valdecorneja | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fernando Lord of Valdecorneja (d. 1384) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| García Lord of Valdecorneja (d. 1430) | Gutierre Lord of Alba de Tormes (1374–1446) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fernando Count of Alba de Tormes (1390–1460) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.García 1st Duke of Alba (d. 1488) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Fadrique 2nd Duke of Alba (d. 1531) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| García Marquess of Coria (d. 1512) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Fernando 3rd Duke of Alba (1507–1582) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Fadrique 4th Duke of Alba (1537–1585) | Diego Count of Lerín (1541–1583) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Antonio 5th Duke of Alba (1568–1639) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Fernando 6th Duke of Alba (1595–1667) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Antonio 7th Duke of Alba (1615–1699) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Antonio 8th Duke of Alba (1627–1701) | Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Francisco 10th Duke of Alba (1662–1739) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Silva | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Antonio 9th Duke of Alba (1669–1711) | Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.María Teresa 11th Duchess of Alba (1691–1755) | Manuel 10th Count of Galve (1677-1728) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Fitz-James Stuart | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Fernando 12th Duke of Alba (1714–1776) | María Teresa (1718–1790) | Jacobo Francisco 3rd Duke of Liria and Jérica (1718–1785) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Francisco de Paula 10th Duke of Huéscar (1733–1770) | Carlos Bernardo 4th Duke of Liria and Jérica (1752–1787) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.María Teresa 13th Duchess of Alba (1762–1802) | Jacobo Felipe 5th Duke of Liria and Jérica (1773–1794) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Carlos Miguel 14th Duke of Alba (1794–1835) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Jacobo 15th Duke of Alba (1821–1881) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Carlos 16th Duke of Alba (1849–1901) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Jacobo 17th Duke of Alba (1878–1953) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Martínez de Irujo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Cayetana 18th Duchess of Alba (1926–2014) | Luis (1919–1972) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.Carlos 19th Duke of Alba (b. 1948) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fernando 17th Duke of Huéscar (b. 1990) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rosario (b. 2020) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Line of succession
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- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg Carlos Miguel Fitz-James Stuart, 14th Duke of Alba (1794–1835)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 15th Duke of Alba (1821-1881)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg Carlos María Fitz-James Stuart, 16th Duke of Alba (1849–1901)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba (1878–1953)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba (1926–2014)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba (Template:Born in)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg (1) Fernando Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Huéscar (Template:Born in)
- (2) Rosario Fitz-James Stuart (Template:Born in)
- (3) Sofía Fitz-James Stuart (Template:Born in)
- (4) Fernando Fitz-James Stuart (Template:Born in)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg (5) Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 22nd Count of Osorno (Template:Born in)
- (6) Carlos Fitz-James Stuart (Template:Born in)
- (7) Fadrique Fitz-James Stuart (Template:Born in)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg (1) Fernando Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Huéscar (Template:Born in)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg (8) Alfonso Martínez de Irujo, 18th Duke of Híjar (Template:Born in)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg (9) Luis Martínez de Irujo, 19th Duke of Aliaga (Template:Born in)
- (10) Mencía Martínez de Irujo (Template:Born in)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Marqueses (Variant 1).svg (11) Javier Martínez de Irujo, 20th Marquess of Almenara (Template:Born in)
- (12) Sol Martínez de Irujo (Template:Born in)
- (13) Alfonso Martínez de Irujo (Template:Born in)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg (9) Luis Martínez de Irujo, 19th Duke of Aliaga (Template:Born in)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg (14) Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 14th Count of Siruela (Template:Born in)
- (15) Jacobo Fitz James-Stuart (Template:Born in)
- (16) Asela Fitz-James-Stuart (Template:Born in)
- (17) Jacobo Fitz-James-Stuart (Template:Born in)
- (18) Brianda Fitz James-Stuart (Template:Born in)
- (19) Merlín Lozano (Template:Born in)
- (15) Jacobo Fitz James-Stuart (Template:Born in)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg (20) Fernando Martínez de Irujo, 12th Marquess of San Vicente del Barco (Template:Born in)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg (21) Cayetano Martínez de Irujo, 4th Duke of Arjona (Template:Born in)
- (22) Luis Martínez de Irujo (Template:Born in)
- (23) Amina Martínez de Irujo (Template:Born in)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg (24) Eugenia Martínez de Irujo, 12th Duchess of Montoro (Template:Born in)
- (25) Cayetana Rivera (Template:Born in)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba (Template:Born in)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba (1926–2014)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Count.svg María Eugenia Sol María Fitz-James Stuart, 20th Countess of Teba (1880-1962) → County of Teba etc.
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg Hernando Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duke of Peñaranda (1882-1936) → Dukedom of Peñaranda etc.
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba (1878–1953)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Dukes (Variant 1).svg María de la Asunción Fitz-James Stuart, 1st Duchess of Galisteo (1851-1927) → Dukedom of Galisteo, Dukedom of Tamames etc.
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg Carlos María Fitz-James Stuart, 16th Duke of Alba (1849–1901)
- File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 15th Duke of Alba (1821-1881)
References
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- ^ a b Boletín Oficial del Estado: no. 143, p. 50250, 16 June 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2015 Template:In lang.
- ^ Hidalgos de España (2018). p. 36
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Siroid, Elena (3 December 2018). "Love Story in Paintings: Francisco Goya and María Cayetana de Silva, the Duchess of Alba". Arthive. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
- ^ Gutierre Álvarez de Toledo
Page Template:Refbegin/styles.css has no content.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hobbs, Nicolas (2007). "Grandes de España" (in español). Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Instituto de Salazar y Castro (2012). Elenco de Grandezas y Títulos Nobiliarios Españoles (in español). periodic publication. Hidalguia Ediciones. ISBN 9788493931339.
Bibliography
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hidalgos de España, Real Asociación de (2018). Elenco de Grandezas y Títulos Nobiliarios Españoles. Ediciones Hidalguía. ISBN 978-84-94841-02-6.
External links
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