Sodium sulfite

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Sodium sulphite
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anhydrous
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hydrate
Names
IUPAC name
Sodium sulfite
Other names
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  • Hypo clear (photography)
  • E221
Identifiers
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3D model (JSmol)
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  • InChI=1S/2Na.H2O3S/c;;1-4(2)3/h;;(H2,1,2,3)/q2*+1;/p-2 checkY
    Key: GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L checkY
  • InChI=1/2Na.H2O3S/c;;1-4(2)3/h;;(H2,1,2,3)/q2*+1;/p-2
    Key: GEHJYWRUCIMESM-NUQVWONBAK
  • [O-]S(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]
Properties
Na2SO3
Molar mass 126.043 g/mol
Appearance White solid
Odor Odorless
Density 2.633 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
1.561 g/cm3 (heptahydrate)
Melting point 33.4 °C (92.1 °F; 306.5 K) (dehydration of heptahydrate)
500 °C (anhydrous)
Boiling point Decomposes
27.0 g/100Template:ThinspmL water (20 °C)
Solubility Soluble in glycerol
Insoluble in ammonia, chlorine
log P −4
Acidity (pKa) ~9 (heptahydrate)
1.565
Structure
Hexagonal (anhydrous)
Monoclinic (heptahydrate)
Hazards
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2
0
0
Flash point Non-flammable
Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 1200
Related compounds
Other anions
 Sodium selenite
Other cations
 Potassium sulfite
Related compounds
 Sodium bisulfite
Sodium metabisulfite
Sodium sulfate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Template:Chembox Footer/trackingTemplate:Short description

Sodium sulfite (sodium sulphite) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na2SO3. A white, water-soluble solid, it is used commercially as an antioxidant and preservative. It is also suitable for the softening of lignin in the pulping and refining processes of wood and lignocellulosic materials.[1] A heptahydrate is also known but it is less useful because of its greater susceptibility toward oxidation by air.[2]

Preparation

File:Sodium-sulfite-xtal-3x3x3-c-3D-bs-17.png
Structure of anhydrous sodium sulfite

Sodium sulfite can be prepared by treating a solution of sodium hydroxide with sulfur dioxide. When conducted in warm water, Na2SO3 initially precipitates as a white solid. With more SO2, the solid dissolves to give the disulfite, which crystallizes upon cooling.[2]

Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.SO2 + 2 NaOH → Na2SO3 + H2O

Sodium sulfite is made industrially by treating sulfur dioxide with a solution of sodium carbonate.[3] The overall reaction is:

Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.SO2 + Na2CO3 → Na2SO3 + CO2

Uses

Sodium sulfite is primarily used in the pulp and paper industry.[4] It has been also applied in the thermomechanical conversion of wood to fibres (defibration) for producing medium density fibreboards (MDF).[5]

As an oxygen scavenger agent, it is used to treat water being fed to steam boilers to avoid corrosion problems,[6] in the photographic industry, it protects developer solutions from oxidation and (as hypo clear solution) to wash fixer (sodium thiosulfate) from film and photo-paper emulsions.

As a reducing agent it is used in the textile industry as a bleaching, desulfurizing, and dechlorinating agent (e.g. in swimming pools). Its reducing properties are exploited in its use as a preservative to prevent dried fruit from discoloring, and for preserving meats.

It is used as a reagent in sulfonation and sulfomethylation agent. It is used in the production of sodium thiosulfate.

The Wellman–Lord process utilizes sodium sulfite for flue gas desulfurization.

Reactions

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Sodium sulfite is primarily used as a mild reducing agent. The heptahydrate crystals effloresce in warm dry air. Heptahydrate crystals also oxidize in air to form sodium sulfate. The anhydrous form is more resistant to oxidation by air.[7]

Structure

According to X-ray crystallography sodium sulfite heptahydrate features pyramidal SO32- centers. The S-O distances are 1.50 and the O-S-O angles are near 106º.[8]

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."High Yield Pulp Production by Modified Sulfite Process" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Johnstone, H. F. (1946). "Sulfites and Pyrosulfites of the Alkali Metals". Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 2. pp. 162–167. doi:10.1002/9780470132333.ch49. ISBN 9780470132333. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Weil, Edward D.; Sandler, Stanley R. (1999). "Sulfur Compounds". In Kroschwitz, Jacqueline I. (ed.). Kirk-Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 1937. ISBN 978-0471419617.
  4. ^ Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."DE19958756A1 - Production of light-colored medium-density fibreboard (MDF) from old fibreboard comprises treatment with sodium sulfite, conversion into pulp and feeding into the blow-line of an MDF plant". Google Patents. 1999-12-07. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Pre-boiler and Boiler Corrosion Control | GE Water". Archived from the original on 2017-10-06. Retrieved 2016-03-14.
  7. ^ Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs, 9th ed. monograph 8451
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Larsson, Lars Olof; Kierkegaard, Peder; Lindberg, Bengt; Holme, Tord; Lindberg, Alf A.; Craig, J. Cymerman (1969). "The Crystal Structure of Sodium Sulphite. A Refinement Allowing for the Effect of Crystal Twinning". Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 23: 2253–2260. doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.23-2253 (inactive 9 September 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2025 (link)

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