Lese language
Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.
Page Template:Infobox/styles-images.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".
Lese is a Central Sudanic language of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as a name for the people who speak this language. The Lese people live in association with the Efé Pygmies and share their language, which is occasionally known as Lissi or Efe.
Although Efe is given a separate ISO code, Bahuchet (2006) notes that it is not even a distinct dialect, though there is dialectical variation in the language of the Lese (Dese, Karo).[2]
Lese is spoken in Mambasa Territory, Watsa Territory, and Irumu Territory.[3]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Labial– velar |
Labial- uvular |
Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | k | k͡p | q͡ɓ | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ɡ͡b | |||||
| implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ɠ͡ɓ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | h | |||||
| voiced | v | ||||||||
| Affricate | voiceless | p͡f | t͡ʃ | ||||||
| voiced | b͡v | d͡ʒ | |||||||
| Nasal | m | n | |||||||
| Lateral | l | ||||||||
| Rhotic | r | ||||||||
| Approximant | j | w | |||||||
- Script error: No such module "IPA". is an allophone of Script error: No such module "IPA"..[4] In the Demolin 1999, the meaning of Script error: No such module "IPA". is unclear, but Script error: No such module "IPA". seems to be a voiceless labial–uvular stop with significant lowering and a strong release. More research is needed to determine the true nature of this sound.[5]
- /r/ can also be heard as a tap sound [ɾ].[6]
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Near-close | ɪ | ʊ | |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Lese at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Efe at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bahuchet, Serge (2006). "Languages of the African Rainforest 'Pygmy' Hunter-Gatherers: Language Shifts without Cultural Admixture". Historical linguistics and hunter-gatherers populations in global perspective (PDF). Leipzig. Template:HAL.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bokula, Moiso; Irumu, Agozia-Kario (1994). "Bibliographie et matériaux lexicaux des langues Moru-Mangbetu (Soudan-Central, Zaïre)". Annales Aequatoria. 10: 203‒245.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Demolin, Didier; Teston, Bernard (September 1997). "Phonetic characteristics of double articulations in some Mangbutu-Efe languages" (PDF). International Speech Communication Association: 803–806.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Güldemann, Tom (2018-09-10). Güldemann, Tom (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 11. Walter de Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783110421668. ISBN 978-3-11-042175-0. S2CID 158969184.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Smith, Edwin W. (1938). A Tentative Grammar of the Efe or Mbuti language. Methodist Missionary Society in Africa & Bible Society.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Vorbichler, Anton (1965). Die Phonologie und Morphologie des Balese (Ituri-Urwald, Kongo). Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin. OCLC 4813740.
Template:Pygmy languages Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found.
