Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture
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Enshi Prefecture
恩施州 Enshih | |
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Enrshiv bifzivkar befkar zifzifzoux(Tujia) Entshil tutjadcul maolcul zibzhibzhoud(Miao) | |
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| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. Location of Enshi Prefecture in Hubei | |
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| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hubei |
| Prefecture seat | Enshi City |
| Area | |
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| Population (2010)[1] | Template:Fix comma category |
| Population (2010)[1] | |
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| Template:Pluralize from text | Template:Pluralize from text |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Total | CN¥ 67.1 billion US$ 10.8 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 20,191 US$ 3,242 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 445000 |
| Template:Pluralize from text | 0718Template:Pluralize from text |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-HB-28 |
| Website | enshi |
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| Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture |
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Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 恩施土家族苗族自治州; pinyin: Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu) is located in the mountainous southwestern corner of Hubei province, People's Republic of China. It forms Hubei's southwestern "panhandle", bordering on Hunan in the south and Chongqing Municipality in the west and northwest. The Yangtze River crosses the prefecture's northeastern corner in Badong County.
Administrative divisions
There are two county-level cities:[1][3][4]
- Enshi City (恩施市), the prefectural seat
- Lichuan City (利川市)
There are six counties:
- Xianfeng County (咸丰县)
- Laifeng County (来凤县)
- Badong County (巴东县)
- Jianshi County (建始县)
- Hefeng County (鹤峰县)
- Xuan'en County (宣恩县)
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History
Imperial
"Endless green mountains to walk on, endless clear water going away" (by a poet of the Tang dynasty)[citation needed]
Republican
The Republic of China's Hubei provincial government was relocated to Enshi during the 1937-45 resistance war (against Japanese invasion and occupation).[citation needed]
The Roman Catholic Church had the Diocese of Shinan on the territory of today's Enshi Prefecture.
People's Republic of China
Badong County was the site of the Deng Yujiao incident.
Geography
Enshi Prefecture is located in the west end of Hubei Province, a mountainous belt separating Hubei's Jianghan Plain from the Sichuan Basin.
There are karst phenomena in the region. The most famous of them is perhaps the Tenglong Cave near Lichuan, a county-level city of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. A 290-meter deep karst sinkhole, located near the village of Luoquanyan (锣圈岩村) in Xuan'en County, is described as possessing its own unique ecosystem.[5][6]
The Enshi Grand Canyon is also a well-known scenic area.
Demographics
The total area is 24,000 square kilometres (9,300 sq mi), and the population is 3,800,000. 52.6% of the population belong to the Tujia and Miao nationalities. Enshi is the only autonomous prefecture in Hubei province.
Enshi is also the only part of Hubei which has been included in the Chinese government's Western exploration programme and over the next 5–10 years they will put 50 billion RMB into its development.[citation needed]
Transportation
The prefecture has only a small amount of Yangtze River frontage, but Badong, in the prefecture's northeast, has a Yangtze River port.
The Qing River in the central part of the prefecture, with its cascade of reservoirs, is an important waterway as well.
Due to the mountainous terrain, until recently the prefecture had no railways, and even the highways were of doubtful quality.[7]
The Yichang−Wanzhou Railway, completed in December 2010, crosses the prefecture from east to west, providing a more direct connection between Hubei and Sichuan than was previously available.[8] In addition, the Chongqing−Lichuan Railway from the Lichuan Railway Station on the Yiwan line connects the cities. A single line now connects Enshi with Beijing and Wuhan as well as many additional cities. The train between Beijing and Enshi takes approximately 24 hours and includes many stops along the way.
The G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway, routed along the same Yichang-Wanzhou corridor, was completed in 2014. Sidu River Bridge, part of the expressway, was at the time of its construction the world's highest bridge.[9]
Xujiaping Airport is the only airport in Enshi.
Economy
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Enshi City has selenium deposits. Between 1930 and 1960, people in some villages reported symptoms of selenium poisoning, and Yutangba residents were evacuated after their livestock died. Later, selenium deposits were discovered near Yutangba and found to be highly enriched, unlike previously known deposits.[10][11][12] Selenium Square in the city is named after this rare element.
The countryside has a diverse range of flora and fauna, including many Chinese herbs. Much of the mountain landscape is covered in virgin forest and is home to pangolins.
Enshi locals are especially proud of their potato crops and consider the potato and tea crops to be the region's agricultural specialties.
Enshi Prefecture possesses significant hydroelectric resources. Among major hydroelectric dams already completed, or under construction, within the prefecture are:
- Shuibuya Dam, on the Qing River in Badong County — the tallest concrete face rock-fill dam in the world.
- Jiangpinghe Dam, on the Loushui River, near Jiangpingh Village, Zouma Town, Hefeng County.
- Dongping Dam, in Wanjia Township (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Xuan'en County
References
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- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.恩施土家族苗族自治州历史沿革 [Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Historical Development] (in 中文（简体）). XZQH.org. 6 August 2014. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
Script error: No such module "Lang".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.湖北省统计局、国家统计局湖北调查总队 (August 2016). 《湖北统计年鉴－2016》. China Statistics Press. ISBN 978-7-5037-7847-6. Archived from the original on 2017-03-01. Retrieved 2017-06-05.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.恩施州情概况（3） 行政区划 [Enshi Prefecture Overview 3 Administrative Divisions] (in 中文（简体）). Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture People's Government. 20 November 2018. Archived from the original on 27 December 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
Script error: No such module "Lang".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.2017年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：恩施土家族苗族自治州 [2017 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture] (in 中文（简体）). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
Script error: No such module "Lang".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.湖北290米深天坑藏动植物王国. 燕子筑巢昆虫飞翔 [A plant and animal kingdom preserved inside a 290-meter deep Hubei sinkhole]. 淮海晚报 (in 中文（中国大陆）). 2015-05-22.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Photos: See the Chinese Sinkhole That Developed Its Own Ecosystem". The Wall Street Journal Blog. 2015-05-22.
- ^ See, e.g., the characterization of the China National Highway 318 and China National Highway 209 as "unstable and unsafe" in Yichang-Wanzhou Railway (SEIA) Script error: No such module "webarchive". (Asian Development Bank, June 2003), p. 6
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Yichang-Wanzhou Railway Project" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-12-11. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Liu, Yinbo; Chongxu Wang; Yuancheng Peng (2008). "The Construction of Sidu River Suspension Bridge". Proceedings of the 2008 International Bridge Conference (IBC 08-56). Pittsburgh: Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on 2009-02-15.
The paper presents the key aspects of the construction of a 1222 meter long suspension bridge over Si Du river in the deep mountainous area in central China. The bridge spans over a 550 meter deep valley, which is the highest suspension bridge in the world. The challenges facing the construction include: limited working area, complicated geological conditions, restricted transportation access to the site, special wind gust conditions, and restricted access for superstructure installation.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Yu, Tao; Hou, Wanling; Hou, Qingye; Ma, Wenjun; Xia, Xueqi; Li, Yutong; Yan, Beizhan; Yang, Zhongfang (September 2020). "Safe utilization and zoning on natural selenium-rich land resources: a case study of the typical area in Enshi County, China". Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 42 (9): 2803–2818. doi:10.1007/s10653-020-00519-0. ISSN 0269-4042. PMC 7903387. PMID 32036508.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Huang, Yang; Wang, Quanxin; Gao, Jin; Lin, Zhiqing; Bañuelos, Gary; Yuan, Linxi; Yin, Xuebin (2013-03-05). "Daily Dietary Selenium Intake in a High Selenium Area of Enshi, China". Nutrients. 5 (3): 700–710. doi:10.3390/nu5030700. ISSN 2072-6643. PMC 3705314. Archived from the original on 2026-03-08.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Caixia, Feng; Jiajun, Liu; Ruizhong, Hu; Shen, Liu (July 2004). "Geochemistry of the Yutangba Se deposit in western Hubei, China". Chinese Journal of Geochemistry. 23 (3): 255–264. doi:10.1007/BF02842073. ISSN 1000-9426.
External links
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