Extensor indicis muscle
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| Extensor indicis proprius | |
|---|---|
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| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. Posterior aspect of the right forearm and hand. Deep muscles. Extensor indicis muscle is labeled 11. (From Testut's Anatomy.) | |
| Details | |
| Origin | Posterior distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane |
| Insertion | Index finger (extensor hood) |
| Artery | Posterior interosseous artery |
| Nerve | Posterior interosseous nerve |
| Actions | Extends index finger, wrist |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | musculus extensor indicis |
| Anatomical terms of muscle | |
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In human anatomy, the extensor indicis (proprius) is a narrow, elongated skeletal muscle in the deep layer of the dorsal forearm, placed medial to, and parallel with, the extensor pollicis longus. Its tendon goes to the index finger, which it extends.
Structure
It arises from the distal third of the dorsal part of the body of the ulna and from the interosseous membrane. It runs through the fourth tendon compartment together with the extensor digitorum, from where it projects into the dorsal aponeurosis of the index finger. [1]
Opposite the head of the second metacarpal bone, it joins the ulnar side of the tendon of the extensor digitorum which belongs to the index finger.
Like the extensor digiti minimi (i.e. the extensor of the little finger), the tendon of the extensor indicis runs and inserts on the ulnar side of the tendon of the common extensor digitorum.[2] The extensor indicis lacks the juncturae tendinum interlinking the tendons of the extensor digitorum on the dorsal side of the hand. [3]
Variation
The extensor indicis proprius does not show much variation. It exists as a single tendon most of the time.[4] Double tendons of the extensor indicis proprius was also reported.[2][5][6]
It is known that the extensor indicis proprius inserts to the index finger on the ulnar side of the extensor digitorum.[7] However, the insertion on the radial side of the common extensor digitorum infrequently seen, namely the extensor indicis radialis.[2] Split tendons of the muscle inserting on both ulnar and the radial side of the common extensor digitorum was also reported.[2]
Anomalous hand extensors including the extensor medii proprius and the extensor indicis et medii communis are often seen as variations of the extensor indicis [2] due to the shared characteristics and embryonic origin.[8]
Function
The extensor indicis extends the index finger, and by its continued action assists in extending (dorsiflexion) the wrist and the midcarpal joints.[1]
Because the index finger and little finger have separate extensors, these fingers can be moved more independently than the other fingers.[3]
Additional images
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See also
Notes
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- ^ a b Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
- ^ a b c d e Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Komiyama, M.; Nwe, T. M.; Toyota, N.; Shimada, Y. (1999). "Variations of the Extensor Indicis Muscle and Tendon" (PDF). Journal of Hand Surgery (British Volume). 24 (5): 575–578. doi:10.1054/jhsb.1999.0239. PMID 10597935. S2CID 23240783. Retrieved 2015-06-09.
- ^ a b Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dass, Prameela; Prabhu, Latha V.; Pai, Mangala M.; Nayak, Varsha; Kumar, Ganesh; Janardhanan, Jiji P. (Nov–Dec 2011). "A comprehensive study of the extensor tendons to the medial four digits of the hand". Chang Gung Medical Journal. 34 (6): 612–619. ISSN 2309-835X. PMID 22196064.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Double tendon of the Human Extensor Indicis Muscle provides "insight' into individual development -- Kumka 22 (1): 983.2 -- The FASEB Journal". www.fasebj.org. Retrieved 2015-06-09.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Aziz, M. Ashraf; Dunlap, Samuel Strong (1986-07-01). "The human extensor digitorum profundus muscle with comments on the evolution of the primate hand". Primates. 27 (3): 293–319. doi:10.1007/BF02382073. ISSN 0032-8332. S2CID 39525970.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Anatomy of the human body". archive.org. Retrieved 2015-06-09.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Straus, W.I. (1941). "Phylogeny of human forearm extensors". Ann Hum Biol (13): 203–238.
References
Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from Template:Wikidatathe 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN 3-13-533305-1.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ross, Lawrence M.; Lamperti, Edward D., eds. (2006). Thieme Atlas of Anatomy: General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System. Thieme. ISBN 978-1-58890-419-5.
External links
- Anatomy photo:09:05-0106 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Extensor Region of Forearm and Dorsum of Hand: Deep Muscles of Extensor Region"
- lesson5musofpostforearm at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
- Extensor indicis at the Duke University Health System's Orthopedics program
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ritter, Merrill A.; Inglis, Allen E. (1969). "The Extensor Indicis Proprius Syndrome" (PDF). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 51 (8): 1645–1648. doi:10.2106/00004623-196951080-00016. PMID 5357184.[permanent dead link]
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