Fansipan
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Fansipan (Vietnamese: Phan Xi Păng Script error: No such module "IPA"., Audio file "Fan Si Pan.ogg" not found) is a mountain in Vietnam. Its height was originally measured at 3,143 metres (10,312 ft) in 1909, but this value was later adjusted to 3,147.3 metres (10,326 ft).[1][2] It is the highest mountain on the Indochinese peninsula (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia), hence its nickname, "the Roof of Indochina". It is located in the Lào Cai province of the Northwest region of Vietnam, Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.nine kilometres (5+1⁄2 miles) southwest of Sa Pa, in the Hoang Lien Son mountain range. Administratively, it is shared between Tam Đường District, Lai Châu and Sa Pa town.
Etymology
The origin of the name Phan Xi Păng is unclear. The most commonly accepted theory is that it evolved from Hủa Xi Pan ("the tottering giant rock")—the name that the locals called the mountain, based on its shape. Another theory suggests that the name came from the Hmong people, as it means "azalea mountain" in their language, due to the prevalence of azaleas and other species of the Rhododendron genus on the mountain.[3]
It has also been suggested that the name may be derived from Phan Văn Sơn, a geography official in the Nguyễn dynasty who helped the French map the area and define the border with China in 1905. Due to the inaccurate local pronunciation, the name generally evolved into Phan Xi Păng.[3]
Geography
Fansipan is the tallest mountain in the Hoang Lien Son range, situated on the border of Lào Cai and Lai Châu provinces, with its peak located on the Lào Cai side. The mountain is part of Hoàng Liên National Park. It has a topographic prominence of 1,617 metres (5,305 ft), ranking sixth in Vietnam.[4]
Geology
Fansipan was formed around 250–260 million years ago, between the Permian period in the Paleozoic era and the Triassic period in the Mesozoic.[5] The Himalayan orogeny since Late Mesozoic has further uplifted Fansipan and the Hoang Lien Son range and created the Red River Fault to the east.[6]
Summit mark
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The initial metal pyramid was made and installed on the mountain's peak by Soviet engineers from Hòa Bình province, in 1985. The amateur mountaineering expedition was the first since the end of the colonial period and was officially timed to the 40th anniversary of Victory Day of the Soviet Union over Nazi Germany.
Climbing
Hiking
Fansipan can be climbed in a steep and fairly strenuous hike. Previously, it took about 5–6 days from Sa Pa to reach the peak and return. Now, the total time is usually only about three days, even two, or for experts and strong, healthy people, it can be done in one day.[<span title="Script error: No such module "decodeEncode".">clarification needed][citation needed]
Tour companies in the area will arrange hikes to the summit that take one to three days. Most recommend taking the two- or three-day options, and few guides will take tourists on a round trip in a single day.[7]
A very small village is located at around 1,500 m (4,920 ft), where accommodation and food is offered. Further up, at 2,800 m (9,190 ft), is an overnight camp. Most booked trips include the use of these facilities in their price, should they be required.[citation needed]
Cable car and funiculars
Funicular and cable car services to the peak of Fansipan are operated by Sun World Fansipan Legend. The journey from Sa Pa has three legs: the Mường Hoa Funicular from Sa Pa Funicular Station to Mường Hoa Funicular Station; the Fansipan cable car from Hoàng Liên Cable Car Station to Fansipan Cable Car Station; and the Fansipan Funicular from Đỗ Quyên Funicular Station to Trúc Mây Funicular Station, near the peak.[8]
The Mường Hoa Funicular operates from Sa Pa Station in Sun World's Sun Plaza department store to the terminus, at Mường Hoa Station, where passengers can connect to the Fansipan cable car. The line opened in March 2018[9] and spans about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi), making it the longest funicular in Vietnam. The trip takes about six minutes, and the route includes two tunnels and four viaducts. The line and railcars were designed by the Swiss manufacturer Garaventa. The railcars accommodate up to 200 passengers, and the car and station interiors feature 20th-century European designs.[10]
The Fansipan cable car was inaugurated in February 2016.[11] The gondola lift departs from a Hoàng Liên Cable Car Station, near the Mường Hoa Funicular Station, and takes twenty minutes to reach the summit. The service holds two Guinness World Records for the longest nonstop, three-rope cable car in the world, spanning Template:Cvt, and the greatest elevation difference by a nonstop, three-roped cable car for the Template:Cvt difference in elevation between the termini.[12] From the other terminus at Fansipan Cable Car Station, passengers can transfer to the Fansipan Funicular at Đỗ Quyên Funicular Station to get to the mountain peak.[13]
See also
- List of Southeast Asian mountains
- List of ultras of Southeast Asia
- List of elevation extremes by country
References
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- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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BBC2025was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.""Phanxipăng" thực chất là ... "Phan Văn Sơn"?". Giadinh.net (in Tiếng Việt). Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
peaklistwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Đỉnh Fansipan". Trung tâm Giáo dục Môi trường & Dịch vụ Môi trường Hoàng Liên (in Tiếng Việt). Hoang Lien National Park. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Đá đỉnh Fansipan "chợt già thêm" vài trăm triệu tuổi" (in Tiếng Việt). Vietnam Union of Geological Sciences. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ "Fan Si Pan, Vietnam", Peakbagger
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Sun World Fansipan Legend – About Us". Retrieved 22 April 2026.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Mountain train from Sa Pa to Fansipan station opens". Vietnam Plus. 31 March 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Funicular Train Sapa: Your Ultimate Ride to Fansipan Awaits". Retrieved 22 April 2026.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Guinness cable car begins service to Fansipan". Viet Nam News. 7 February 2006.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Swatman, Rachel. "Longest non-stop three-rope cable car in the world opens in Vietnam". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Fansipan Legend Sunworld Ticket Website".
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