Ghor Province

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Ghor)

Template:Pp Template:Short description Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Hatnote list' not found.

Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Infobox settlement/styles.css has no content.

Ghōr
غور
Province
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found.
Map of Afghanistan with Ghor highlighted
Script error: No such module "Infobox mapframe".
Coordinates (Capital): Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
Country Afghanistan
CapitalChaghcharan
Government
 • GovernorHayatullah Mubarak[1]
 • Deputy GovernorMaulvi Shams Ullah Tariqat[2]
 • Police ChiefHanif Abada[3]
Area
 • Total
Script error: No such module "ConvertIB".
Population
 (2021)[4]
Template:Fix comma category
Population
 (2021)[4]
 • Total
Template:Fix comma category
 • DensityScript error: No such module "ConvertIB".
Template:Pluralize from textTemplate:Pluralize from text
Time zoneUTC+4:30
Postal code
32XX
Template:Pluralize from textTemplate:Pluralize from text
ISO 3166 codeAF-GHO
Main languagesDari, Pashto

Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".

Ghōr (Pashto[a], Dari[b]: غور) also known as Ghowr or Ghur, is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. It is located in the western Hindu Kush in central Afghanistan, towards the northwest. The province contains eleven districts, encompassing hundreds of villages, and approximately 764,472 settled people.[5] Firuzkoh (known as “Chaghcharan” until 2014) is the capital of the province.

Etymology

The ancient Indo-European, Sogdian gor-/gur- ("mountain"-) is well preserved in all Slavic gor-/gór- (goor-/gur-), e.g.: Gorals, Goran, Goranci, Góra, Gora..., in Iranian languages, e.g.: Gorani language, Guran (Kurdish tribe). The Polish notation using gór- ("ó" stands for a sound between English "oo" and "u") instead of the popular gur- or ghur- preserves the ancient orthography.[<span title="Script error: No such module "decodeEncode".">clarification needed]

History

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Sidebar/configuration' not found. Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". Template:Quote

Beginning in 725, the Umayyad governor Asad b. 'Abdallah al-Qasri unsuccessfully raided the region of Ghur.[6]

The inhabitants of Ghor had completely embraced Islam during the Ghurids era. Before the 12th century, the region was home to Buddhists, Zoroastrians, Hindus and a small number of Jews. Remains of the oldest settlements discovered by Lithuanian archaeologists in 2007 and 2008 in Ghor date back to 5000 BC.[7] Ruins of a few castles and other defense fortifications were also discovered in the environs of Chaghcharan. A Buddhist monastery hand-carved on the bluff of the river Harirud existed in the first centuries during the prevalence of Buddhism. The artificial caves revealed testimony of the daily life of the Buddhist monks.[8]

Template:Quote

Various scholars and historians such as John McLeod attribute the conversion of the Ghauris to Islam to Mahmud Ghazni after his conquest of Ghor.[9]

Traditional Muslim historians such as Estakhri and Ibn Haukal attest to the existence of the non-Islamic enclave of Ghor before the time of Ghazni, which is attributed to converting its population to Islam.

Template:Quote

Minhaju-S-Siraj recorded strife between the non-Muslim and Muslim populations:

Template:Quote

According to Minhahu-S Siraj, Amir Suri was captured by Mahmud of Ghazni, made prisoner along with his son, and taken to Ghazni, where Amir Suri died.[10]

Template:Quote Template:Quote

The Minaret of Jam built by the Ghurid dynasty

In 1011, 1015 and 1020, both Mahmud and Mas'ud I led expeditions into Ghur and established Islam in place of indigenous paganism. After this, Ghur was considered a vassal state of the Ghaznavid empire.[11] During the reign of 'Abd ar Rashi and the usurper Toghrul, Ghur and Gharchistan gained autonomy.[12]

Ghor was also the center of the Ghurid dynasty in the 12th and 13th centuries. The remains of their capital Firozkoh, which was sacked and destroyed by the Mongols in 1222, includes the Minaret of Jam, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Karzai and Ghani administrations

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". In June 2004, hundreds of troops of Abdul Salaam Khan, who had rejected the Afghan government's plan to disarm regional militias, attacked Chaghcharan and took over the city in an afternoon-long siege. Eighteen people were killed or wounded in the fighting, at which point Governor Mohammed Ibrahim fled. Three days later the Afghan government announced that it would not retake Chaghcharan. Khan and Ibrahim began negotiations soon after but reached no agreement. Khan's troops left Chaghcharan on 23 June, a day ahead of when an Afghan National Army battalion, led by Lieutenant-General Aminullah Paktiyanai, arrived with the support of roughly 20 U.S. soldiers.

Taliban administration (2021-present)

In 2021, the Taliban regained control of Ghor after the 2021 Taliban offensive.

Fifty people were killed in floods in the Ghor province in May 2024.[13]

Geography

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".

Ghor province under a deep winter in 2012.

Ghor occupies the end of the Hindu Kush mountains. Ghor is 2,500 meters above sea level and heavy snowfalls often block many of its rugged passes from November to April. It is also a drought-prone area in the summer.

Administrative divisions

Map of the districts of Ghor as of January 2004, prior to the redrawing of provincial and district boundaries later that year
Districts of Ghor Province[14]
District Capital Population Area Pop.
density 		Notes
Chaghcharan 132,537 6,870 19 96% Tajik Aimaqs, 2% Pashtuns, 2% Hazaras[15]
Charsada 30,956 1,485 21 60% Tajik Aimaqs, 30% Hazaras, 10% Uzbeks[16]
Dawlat Yar 36,934 1,686 22 Predominantly Hazaras, few Tajik Aimaqs[16]
Du Layna 40,788 3,246 13 Predominantly Tajik Aimaqs[16]
Lal wa Sarjangal 126,615 3,634 35 100% Hazaras[17]
Marghab 21,051 2,930 7 Predominantly Hazaras[16]
Pasaband 107,217 5,073 21 84% Tajiks, 11% Pashtuns, 5% Hazaras[18]
Saghar 39,193 2,404 16 Predominantly Tajik Aimaqs, few Pashtuns[16]
Shahrak 67,625 4,600 15 100% Tajik Aimaqs [16]
Taywara Qala-e-ghore 103,364 4,030 26 Predominantly Tajik Aimaq, few Hazaras [16]
Tulak 58,192 2,908 20 Predominantly Tajik Aimaq, few Pashtuns and Uzbeks[16]
Ghor 764,472 36,657 21 71.0% Farsiwan (59.2% Aimaqs, 11.8% Tajiks), 26.5% Hazaras, 2.0% Pashtuns, 0.4% Uzbeks.[note 1]

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ Note: "Predominantely" or "dominated" is interpreted as 99%, "majority" as 70%, "mixed" as 1/(number of ethnicities), "minority" as 30% and "few" or "some" as 1%.

Economy

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".

Agriculture

Agriculture and animal husbandry are the primary economic activities in Ghor Province. According to the United Nations, many young men were forced to leave the province to find work in Herat or Iran and a small percentage of the population were teachers, government officials, carpet weavers, carpenters and tailors. Over half of the population could not cover their basic needs with their level of income.[19] Opium production had returned to the region following the Taliban's departure as locals attempted to increase their incomes by farming a more economically lucrative crop.[19]

Transportation

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". As of September 2014, Chaghcharan Airport, located at the provincial capital of Chaghcharan, had regularly scheduled flights to the provinces of Kabul and Herat.

As of 2013, roads in the province remained largely undeveloped, unpaved and often lacked bridges over rivers.[20]

Demographics

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".

Population

As of 2020, the total population of Ghor province is about 764,472.[5][16][21]

Ethnicity, languages and religion

Western Ghor is predominantly of Tajik ethnicity while Eastern Ghor is mostly Hazara.[22]

Estimated ethnolinguistic and -religious composition
Ethnicity Farsiwan Hazara Pashtun Uzbek Sources
Period Tajik Aimaq
2004–2021
(Islamic Republic) 		≥58% 17 – 39% 1 – 3% <1%
2020 EU[23] 1st 3rd 2nd – –
2020 CSSF[c][24] 58% 3% 39% 1% –
2018 UN[25] majority – 17% 2 – 3% –
2015 CP[26] 97% 2% ∅
2015 NPS[27] 58% 39% 3% <1%
2011 PRT[28] 97% 2.4%[d] ∅
2011 USA[29] 58% – 39% 3% –
2009 ISW[30] – >90% – –
Legend:

Education

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) increased from 19% in 2005 to 25% in 2011.[31] The overall net enrolment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 28% in 2005 to 47% in 2011.[31]

Ghor University that first established as Ghor Higher Education Institute and then promoted to Ghor University has around 500 students with a significant number of girls. There are also some Teacher Training Institutes in the Firuzkoh, Taywara and Lal districts. The number of high schools increased in last the 10 years and attendance in university entrance exams (Kankor) jumped from hundreds to thousands of students. Several agriculture and mechanical schools were also established. There is only one nursing school that trains young female high school graduates for midwifery and nursing that is part of the Ministry of Public Health and run by an NGO in association with Ghor provincial hospital.

Health

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". The percentage of households with clean drinking water fell from 14% in 2005 to 9% in 2011.[31] The percentage of births attended to by a skilled birth attendant fell from 9% in 2005 to 3% in 2011.[31]

Sports

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". Football, volleyball, basketball, tennis, taekwondo and karate are all official sports of the province. In July 2010, the Ghor Province cricket team was founded and represent the province in domestic tournaments.[32]

See also

Notes

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ Script error: No such module "IPA".
  2. ^ Script error: No such module "IPA".
  3. ^ Demographic information is based on data from 2020.
  4. ^ excl. 166,640 Kochi during the summer period, increasing the Pashtun population to 23.2% during that time.

References

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."مولوی احمدشاه دین دوست، والی جدید غور تعیین شد | خبرگزاری وطن 24". 2 November 2021. Archived from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Afghan Teen, Sole Breadwinner for Family of 30, Waits Desperately to See if Taliban Will Help". Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty.
  3. ^ Script error: No such module "cite tweet".
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2021-22" (PDF). nsia.gov.af. National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). April 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
  5. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2020-21" (PDF). Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, National Statistics and Information Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Haug, Robert (2019). The Eastern Frontier: Limits of Empire in Late Antique and Early Medieval Central Asia. I.B. Tauris. p. 33.
  7. ^ Province hides monuments some of which date back to 5000 BC [permanent dead link], Quqnoos.com, 22 May 2008.
  8. ^ Lithuanian archeologists make discovery in Afghanistan Script error: No such module "webarchive"., The Baltic Times, 22 May 2008; Archaeologists make new discoveries about ancient Afghan cultures Script error: No such module "webarchive"., Top News, 23 May 2008.
  9. ^ The history of India By John McLeod Published by Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002 Page 34
  10. ^ The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2, page 286
  11. ^ C.E. Bosworth, The Later Ghaznavids, (Columbia University Press, 1977), 68.
  12. ^ C.E. Bosworth, The Later Ghaznavids, 69.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Afghanistan floods: At least 50 killed as heavy rain returns". www.bbc.com. 18 May 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-05-18. Retrieved 2024-05-19.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."FAO in Afghanistan | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations". 4 October 2001. Archived from the original on 4 October 2001. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Chaghcharan District Profile" (PDF). UNHCR. 2002-10-21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-10-27.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ghor - Program for Culture and Conflict Studies - Naval Postgraduate School". Retrieved 2026-03-16.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Lal Wa Sarjangal District Profile" (PDF). UNHCR. 2002-10-21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-10-27.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Pasaband District Profile" (PDF). UNHCR. 2002-11-09. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-29.
  19. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."District Profile, UNHCR" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-10-27.
  20. ^ NATO Channel, Discover Afghanistan - The Minaret of Jam, August 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5F8SREfehZ4 Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Welcome - Naval Postgraduate School" (PDF). www.NPS.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Aimaq in Afghanistan". Minority Rights Group. Retrieved 2026-01-31.
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Country Guidance: Afghanistan. Common analysis and guidance note" (PDF). European Union Agency for Asylum. 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2025.
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."State of Families CSSF Report: Ghor, Afghanistan (2024)". 2024-02-21. Retrieved 2025-11-25.
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ramizpoor (2018). "Afghan People's Dialogue on Peace: Local Road Maps for Peace – Kabul and Surrounding Provinces" (PDF). United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan. Retrieved 25 November 2025.
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Afghanistan National Drug Use Survey" (PDF). Retrieved 13 December 2025.
  27. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ghor - Program for Culture and Conflict Studies - Naval Postgraduate School". nps.edu. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  28. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Afghanistan Provincial Reconstruction Team" (PDF). February 2011. Retrieved 2025-11-25.
  29. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."U.S. Army Afghanistan Smart Book, Third Edition" (PDF). January 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2025.
  30. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Regional Command West". Retrieved April 15, 2009.
  31. ^ a b c d Archive, Civil Military Fusion Centre, https://www.cimicweb.org/AfghanistanProvincialMap/Pages/Ghor.aspx Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  32. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ghor cricket team founded". AfgCric.com. Retrieved 1 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

Further reading

  • The Places in Between by Rory Stewart, 2005, Picador Publishers, Template:ISBN

Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.

Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Script error: No such module "Sister project logo".
Wikimedia Commons has media related to [[commons:Template:If then show|Template:If then show]].

Template:Geographic location

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Template:Ghor Province

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Authority control/config' not found.

Retrieved from "https://cosmopedia.co/index.php?title=Ghor_Province&oldid=283315"