Abdul Qadir Gilani

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Ghous-e-Azam)

Template:Short description Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Hatnote list' not found.

Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.

Abdul Qadir Gilani
Script error: No such module "Lang".
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found.
Portrait of Abdul Qadir Gilani. Created in Mughal India in c. 1680
Personal life
BornScript error: No such module "person date".
Gilan, Seljuk Empire
DiedScript error: No such module "person date".
Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate
Resting placeAbdul Qadir Gilani Mosque, Baghdad
ChildrenAbdul Razzaq Gilani
Main interest(s)Fiqh, Sufism
Notable work(s)Al-Ghunya
Religious life
ReligionSunni Islam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceHanbali
Senior posting
Disciple ofAbu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi
Disciples

Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Sidebar/configuration' not found.

Abdul Qadir Gilani[a] (c. 1077 or 1078 – c. 1166) was a Hanbali scholar, preacher, and Sufi mystic leader who was the eponym of the Qadiriyya, one of the oldest Sufi orders.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

He was born in c. 1077 or 1078 in the town of Na'if, Rezvanshahr in Gilan, Persia, and died in 1166 in Baghdad.[2][3] His epithet, Gilani refers to his place of birth, Gilan, while the epithet, Baghdadi, referring to his residence and burial in Baghdad.[4][5]

Titles

He had the honorific title of Muḥi al-Dīn, denoting his status according to many Sufis as a reviver of Islam.[6]

According to Sufi Hagiography, Abdul Qadir held the highest position in the hierarchy of Awliya (Sufi saints) having achieved the spiritual rank (Maqam) of the succour (Ghawth).[7][8][b]

Family background

Gilani was born in 1077 or 1078, though details of his early life and family background are uncertain,Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. sources indicate that his father (or grandfather) was known by the nickname Jangi Dust,Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. suggesting a Persian lineage.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

His nisba, al-Jilani, denotes origin from Gilan, a region on the southwestern coast of the Caspian Sea in present-day Iran.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. During his stay in Baghdad, Gilani was called ajami (non-Arab), which according to Bruce Lawrence may be because he spoke Persian alongside Arabic.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. According to the al-Nujūm al-ẓāhira by the 15th-century historian Ibn Taghribirdi (d. 1470), Gilani was born in Jil in Iraq, but this account is questioned by French historian Jacqueline Chabbi.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Modern historians (including Lawrence) consider Gilan to be his birth place.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. The region was then politically semi-independent and divided between local chieftains from different clans.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

Gilani is claimed to be a descendant of Muhammad through his grandson Hasan ibn Ali, this claim is generally accepted within the Muslim community, including followers of the Qadiriyya order.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Some scholars, including Lawrence, consider this claim inconsistent with Gilani's apparent Persian background, and suggest that it may have been emphasized or constructed by the later Hagiographers.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

Education

Gilani spent his early life in Gilan, the province of his birth. In 1095, he moved to Baghdad where he studied Hanbali jurisprudence under Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi and Ibn Aqil.[10][11] He also studied hadith with Abu Muhammad Ja'far al-Sarraj.[11] His Sufi spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad al-Dabbas.[12] After completing his education, Gilani left Baghdad and reportedly spent twenty-five years in ascetic retreat and wandering in the deserts of Iraq.[13]

School of law

Gilani adhered to the Hanbali school of Islamic jurisprudence. He is reported to have treated Shafi'i school of jurisprudence on an equal footing with the Hanbali school, issuing fatwas according to both schools of jurisprudence. Al-Nawawi, in his book Bustan al-'Arifin (Garden of the Spiritual Masters), praised him for this approach, noting that "we have never known anyone more dignified than Baghdad's Sheikh Muhyi al-Din 'Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani, the Sheikh of Shafi'is and Hanbalis in Baghdad."[14]

Influence

In 1127, Gilani returned to Baghdad and began to preach to the public.[3] He joined the teaching staff of the school established by his teacher, al-Makhzoomi, and became popular among students. In the mornings he taught Hadith and Tafsir, while in the afternoons he delivered lectures on spiritual discipline (ilm al-Qulub) and the virtues of the Quran. He was reported to be an effective preacher who attracted followers from diverse backgrounds, including Jews and Christians, and integrated Sufi mysticism with Islamic law.[3]

According to hagiographical sources, Gilani is reported to have converted many people to Islam through his emphasis on inner purification, ethical conduct and devotion.[15] He established the Madrasa al-Qadiriyya in Baghdad, which became a center for Islamic learning and spirituality, offering instruction in the Quran, Hadith, Fiqh (jurisprudence), and Tasawwuf (Sufism), attracting students from various regions.[16]

His teachings reportedly influenced political and military leaders, such as Nur ad-Din Zangi and Salahuddin Ayyubi, who respected his guidance.[17]


Death and burial

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Hadhrat al-Qadiriyya in Baghdad in 1925

Al-Gilani died in 1166 and was buried in Baghdad. His urs (death anniversary) is traditionally observed annually on 11 Rabi' al-Thani.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

During the reign of the Safavid Shah Ismail I, in 1508, Gilani's shrine was destroyed.[18]Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. However, in 1535, Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent commissioned the construction of a new shrine over his grave, which remains in existence today.[19]

Books

The Vision of Muhyi al-Din ibn al-Gilani. Miniature from the Ottoman (1595) manuscript of "Nafahat al-uns" (Breaths of Fellowship) of Jami. Chester Beatty Library
  • Kitab Sirr al-Asrar wa Mazhar al-Anwar (The Book of the Secret of Secrets and the Manifestation of Light)
  • Futuh al ghaib (Secrets of the Unseen)
  • Jila' al-Khatir (The Purification of heart)
  • Al-Ghunya (Treasure for Seekers)[20]
  • Al-Fuyudat al-Rabbaniya (Emanations of Lordly Grace)
  • Fifteen Letters: Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban
  • Kibriyat e Ahmar
  • A Concise Description of Jannah & Jahannam[21]
  • The Sublime Revelation (al-Fatḥ ar-Rabbānī)

See also

Notes

  • The annual death anniversary of Jilani is celebrated as Gyarvi Sharif in the Sufi Islamic World.[22]

Footnotes

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ (Template:Langx); (Template:Langx). Full Name: Muhyid Din Abu Muhammad Abdul Qadir ibn Abi Salih Jangidost al Jilani al Hasani Template:Langx[1]
  2. ^ According to the Sufi Hagiographies, he made statements, in which he reportedly said: "My foot is on the necks of every saint", in reference to his station of Ghawth al-Azam.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.[9]

References

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lawrence, Bruce B. (1983). "ʿAbd-al-Qāder Jilani". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. I. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. pp. 132–133. Retrieved 27 September 2025.
  2. ^ W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R Gibb, J.H.Kramers, E. Levi-Provencal, J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 69; "authorities are unanimous in stating that he was a Persian from Nayf (Nif) in Djilan, south of the Caspian Sea."
  3. ^ a b c 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  4. ^ Encyclopaedia of religion and ethics: volume 1. (A – Art). Part 1. (A – Algonquins) pg 10. Hastings, James and Selbie, John A. Adamant Media corporation. (2001), "and he was probably of Persian origin."
  5. ^ The Sufi orders in Islam, 2nd edition, pg 32. Triingham, J. Spencer and Voll, John O. Oxford University Press US, (1998), "The Hanafi Qadirriya is also included since 'Abd al-Qadir, of Persian origin was contemporary of the other two."
  6. ^ Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh pg 21, Muhammad Fādil Khān, Faid Ahmad. Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad (1998)
  7. ^ Devotional Islam and politics in British India: [Ahmad Riza Khan] Barelwi and his movement, 1870–1920, pg 144, Sanyal, Usha Oxford University Press US, 19 August 1999. Template:ISBN Template:ISBN.
  8. ^ Indo-iranica pg 7. The Iran Society, Calcutta, India. (1985).
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fatoohi, Dr Louay. Hanf in Hand on the way to Allah with Tariqa Aliyyah Qadiriyyah Casnazaniyyah. Adam Publishers. p. 24.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). "Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani". Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. p. 4. ISBN 9781438126968.
  11. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gibb, H.A.R.; Kramers, J.H.; Levi-Provencal, E.; Schacht, J. (1986). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. I (A-B) (New ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 69. ISBN 978-9004081147.
  12. ^ Malise Ruthven, Islam in the World, p 243. Template:ISBN
  13. ^ Esposito J. L. The Oxford dictionary of Islam. p160. Template:ISBN
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (20 January 2019). Jamal al-Din Faleh al-Kilani [in العربية] (ed.). Futuh al-Ghayb ("Revelations of the Unseen") (in العربية).
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Renard, John (2004). Knowledge of God in Classical Sufism: Foundations of Islamic Mystical Theology. Paulist Press (published July 1, 2004). pp. 202–205. ISBN 978-0809140305.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Algar, Hamid (1999). Sufism: Principles & Practice. Islamic Pubns Intl (published January 1, 1999). pp. 103–106. ISBN 978-1889999029.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.W. Ernst, Carl (1997). The Shambhala Guide to Sufism. Shambhala (published September 23, 1997). pp. 124–126. ISBN 978-1570621802.
  18. ^ A.A. Duri, Baghdad, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, 903.
  19. ^ W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, 70.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Al-Qahtani, Sheik Saeed bin Misfer (1997). Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al-Jilani and his Belief and Sufi views (in العربية). Library of Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. p. 133.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."A concise description of Jannah & Jahannam, the garden of paradise and the fire of hell: excerpted from 'Sufficient provision for seekers of the Path of Truth (Al-Ghunya li-Tālibi al-Ḥaqq)". WorldCat.org. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Gyarvi Sharif". Institute of Sufi Studies. Retrieved 2026-04-25.

Sources

Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.

Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Script error: No such module "Sister project logo".
Wikiquote has quotations related to Abdul Qadeer Gilani.

Template:Sfn whitelist

Lua error in mw.title.lua at line 404: bad argument #2 to 'title.new' (unrecognized namespace name 'Portal'). Template:Sufi Template:Hanbali scholars Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Authority control/config' not found.

Retrieved from "https://cosmopedia.co/index.php?title=Abdul_Qadir_Gilani&oldid=1891175"