Groen (political party)

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Green
Groen
PresidentAimen Horch
Founded1976; 50 years ago (1976)
HeadquartersVan Orleystraat 5-11, 1000 Brussel, Belgium
Youth wingYoung Green
Membership Page Template:Nobold/styles.css has no content.(2018)Increase 10,000[1]
IdeologyGreen politics[2]
Political positionCentre-left
Regional affiliationSocialists, Greens and Democrats[3]
European affiliationEuropean Green Party
European Parliament groupThe Greens–European Free Alliance
International affiliationGlobal Greens
Francophone counterpartEcolo
ColoursPage Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.  Teal
Chamber of RepresentativesTemplate:Political party data(Dutch language group)
SenateTemplate:Political party data(Flemish seats)
Flemish Parliament
14 / 124
Brussels Parliament
4 / 17
(Flemish seats)
European ParliamentTemplate:Political party data(Flemish seats)
Flemish Provincial Councils
13 / 175
Mayors
1 / 285
Website
Template:Political party data
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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Sidebar/configuration' not found. Groen (Script error: No such module "IPA".; lit.Template:Thinsp'Green'), founded as Agalev, is a green[2][4] Flemish political party in Belgium. The main pillars of the party are social justice, human rights, and ecologism.[5] Its French-speaking equivalent is Ecolo; the two parties maintain close relations with each other.

History

Agalev

The party's origins can be traced to the early 1970s, specifically the village of Viersel near Antwerp, where Luc Versteylen, a Jesuit priest, led a youth group. Through this he came to hear about the stress children were suffering from due to an increasingly competitive education system. From this, he and his co-thinkers developed a critique of consumerism inspired by the values of early Christianity as an alternative to the modern Catholic church, rejecting competition and consumption in favour of peace, frugality and community. This critique became central to Anders Gaan Leven (meaning "to go and live differently", a Flemish environmental movement. The movement then established Agalev, a working group formed to contest elections, which eventually became Groen.[6][7]

Agalev first stood candidates in the 1976 local elections in Antwerp Province, before running across Flanders in the 1978 general election, scoring 0.1 percent of all votes in Belgium. The party's popularity gradually grew, taking 2.33 percent of the Flemish vote in the first European Parliament elections the following year, before making a breakthrough in the 1981 federal election, where they first entered Parliament with two Representatives and a Senator. In the simultaneous provincial elections they took seven seats, with four in Antwerp, two in East Flanders and one in West Flanders. Following this, Agalev officially became a separate entity from Anders Gaan Leven in March 1982, though the two organisations maintained close ties. That year the party won 44 seats in 64 communes in municipal elections, electing 28 councillors in Antwerp, seven apiece in East Flanders and the Province of Brabant, and two in West Flanders and obtaining an average of 5.6 percent of the vote where it stood. The party also co-operated with other ecologists to elect another 12 Agalev endorsed councillors. In the 1984 European elections Paul Staes was elected with 7.08 percent of the vote in Flanders and 9.25 percent of the vote in Antwerp Province. In the 1985 Belgian general election scored 6.3 percent of the Flemish vote, electing four Representatives and three Senators.[8]

In the 1987 Belgian general election, the party won 4.5 percent and 4.9 percent of Belgian votes to the Chamber of Representatives and Senate respectively, electing six members of the former and five of the latter.[9] During the eighties, the party was known for being against nuclear weapons, and for being pro-Europe.[5][10] According to Sara Parkin, much credit for Agalev's early steady progress and absence of internal conflict has been given to the party's political secretary Leo Cox, who was able to balance the demands of different factions within the party whilst also being able to successfully respond to external political developments.[11]

In 1992, Agalev was asked to support a constitutional change called the Sint-Michiels agreement, which would make Belgium a federation. This change required a two-third majority, so the majority needed to convince some parties of the opposition to proceed. Both Agalev and Ecolo agreed, in exchange for a tax on bottles, the first ecotax in Belgium. However, after the constitutional change was voted in, the ecotax was cancelled and replaced by a watered-down concept.[12][13]

In the elections of 1999, Agalev scored 7% federally and 11% regionally (in Flanders). The Dioxin affair, a scandal surrounding dioxins in for-consumption chickens just before the elections, played an important role in the Greens' performance.[14] The Greens joined the first Verhofstadt government as part of the "purple-green" federal coalition from 12 July 1999 until 18 May 2003. Representing Agalev in this federal government, Magda Aelvoet was Deputy Prime Minister and the Minister of Consumer Affairs, Public Health and the Environment. She tabled legislation on gay marriage, making Belgium the second country in the world to legalise same-sex marriage.[15] Within the same legislature, Magda Aelvoet left her position due to her opposition of a Belgian arms delivery to Nepal, and was succeeded by fellow party member Jef Tavernier.[16]

Also following the elections of 1999, the party joined the Flemish Government, which was composed of the same parties. Agalev supplied two ministers: Mieke Vogels became responsible for Wellbeing, Health and Equal opportunities, and Vera Dua for Agriculture and Environment.

Renaming to Groen! (2003)

In the federal elections of 2003, Agalev scored less than 5% and lost all their seats (on the federal level). The next day, Jos Geysels resigned as party leader.[17][18] The sitting ministers in the Flemish government Mieke Vogels and Vera Dua stepped down, and were replaced by Adelheid Byttebier [nl] and Ludo Sannen [nl] respectively.

Vera Dua got elected as chairperson, and on the same day, the party's name was changed to Groen! (Green!).[19] The party got between 5 and 10% of the votes through the elections of the early 00's. They did not participate in a governmental coalition (on any level higher than local).

Groen (2012–present)

In 2012 the party decided to drop de exclamation mark of their name.

After the local and provincial elections of 2014, Groen had a mandate for the first time in the province of Flemish-Brabant. In 2018 the province of East-Flanders followed. The results in Flemish-Brabant had improved though Green wasn't part of the coalition anymore after these elections.

In 2019, there were elections on the regional, federal and European level. At this time the school strike for climate movement had dominated the media, so the party Groen was expected to grow substantially. An total victory didn't happen, though the party gained seats on all levels.[20]

On the regional level of Brussels-Capital, Groen participated in a red-green-blue coalition.[21] Elke Van den Brandt became Minister of Mobility, Public Works, and Road Safety.[22]

On the federal level, a new government wasn't formed until 17 March 2020, when the coronavirus outbreak urged a minority government with extra plenary powers to be formed. After 6 months a 'regular' majority government was formed and the Vivaldi coalition was sworn in with 2 Groen ministers.[23] Petra De Sutter became Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Civil Service, Public Enterprises, Telecommunication and Postal Services, as Europe's first transgender deputy prime minister.[24] Tinne Van der Straeten holds the Ministry of Energy.[25]

In 2022 the members of Groen elected new party leaders: the duo Nadia Naji and Jeremie Vaneeckhout, and the logo changed from green only to a more colourful background.[26]

Political views

Groen is a progressive Flemish party that, as the name itself suggests, considers environmental and climate policy very important. The party wants to combine this with attention to social justice, equal opportunities, human rights and quality of life. In other words, the party wants to protect the planet, but wants to do so by paying attention to the weakest in society. The party therefore wants good and affordable health care and to tackle poverty. In order to afford these initiatives, the party expect the richest people and the biggest polluters in society to contribute more.[5]

Party chairperson

Name From Until Vice-chairperson Comments
1 Leo Cox 28 March 1982 7 January 1989 not applicable Spokesperson[27]
2 Johan Malcorps 7 January 1989 6 June 1995 not applicable Spokesperson[27]
3 Wilfried Bervoets 6 June 1995 24 July 1998 not applicable Spokesperson.[27] Passed away in function.[28] During his illness, Jos Geysels was acting spokesperson.
4 Jos Geysels 8 June 1998 21 June 2003 not applicable Spokesperson[27]
5 Dirk Holemans 21 June 2003 15 November 2003 not applicable Spokesperson[27]
6 Vera Dua 15 November 2003 10 November 2007 not applicable[27]
7 Mieke Vogels 10 November 2007[29] 25 October 2009 Wouter Van Besien (from 17 May 2008)
8 Wouter Van Besien 25 October 2009[30] 15 November 2014 Björn Rzoska (until 19 January 2013)
Elke Van den Brandt (from 19 January 2013)
9 Meyrem Almaci 15 November 2014[31] 11 June 2022[32] Jeremie Vaneeckhout (until 19 October 2019)
Dany Neudt (from 19 October 2019) 		Re-elected
10 Jeremie Vaneeckhout and Nadia Naji 11 June 2022[33] 19 December 2024 not applicable
11 Bart Dhondt 19 December 2024[34] 21 March 2026 Natacha Waldmann

Current mandates

European politics

European Parliament[35]
Name Committees
Sara Matthieu International Trade
Employment and Social Affairs

Federal politics

Senate[37]
Type Name Notes
Co-opted Senator Template:Flagicon Fourat Ben Chikha [nl] Second vice president of the Senate
Community Senator Template:Flagicon Stijn Bex [nl]
Community Senator Template:Flagicon Soetkin Hoessen [nl]
Community Senator Template:Flagicon Chris Steenwegen [nl]
Belgian Federal De Croo Government[38]
Public Office Name Function
Deputy Prime Minister Petra De Sutter Minister of Civil Service, Public Enterprises, Telecommunication and Postal Services
Minister Tinne Van der Straeten Minister of Energy

Regional politics: Flanders

Flemish Parliament[39]
Template:Flagicon Meyrem Almaci Template:Flagicon Imade Annouri [nl] Template:Flagicon Stijn Bex
Template:Flagicon Johan Danen Template:Flagicon Ann De Martelaer Template:Flagicon Celia Groothedde [nl]
Template:Flagicon Elisabeth Meuleman [nl] Template:Flagicon Ann Moerenhout Template:Flagicon Staf Aerts
Template:Flagicon Bjorn Rzoska Template:Flagicon Mieke Schauvliege [nl] Template:Flagicon Chris Steenwegen
Template:Flagicon Tine van den Brande Template:Flagicon Jeremie Vaneeckhout

Regional politics: Brussels

Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region[40]
Name Notes
Juan Benjumea Moreno [nl]
Lotte Stoops [nl]
Soetkin Hoessen [nl]
Arnaud Verstraete [nl] Faction Leader
Brussels Regional Government Vervoort II[41]
Public Office Name Function
Minister Elke Van den Brandt Mobility and Public Works

Election results

Chamber of Representatives

Election Votes % Seats +/− Government Elected members of parliament
1977 2,435 0.0
0 / 212
 Extra-parliamentary
1978 5,556 0.1
0 / 212
 Steady 0 Extra-parliamentary
1981 138,575 2.3
2 / 212
 Increase 2 Opposition Ludo Dierickx, Fernand Geyselings
1985 226,758 3.7
4 / 212
 Increase 2 Opposition Ludo Dierickx, Mieke Vogels
1987 275,437 4.5
6 / 212
 Increase 2 Opposition Jozef Cuyvers, Wilfried De Vlieghere, Jos Geysels, Hugo Van Dienderen, Wilfried Van Durme, Mieke Vogels
1991 299,550 4.9
7 / 212
 Increase 1 Opposition Magda Aelvoet (until 20 July 1994) → Lodewijk Steenwegen, Luc Barbé, Wilfried De Vlieghere, Vera Dua, Jos Geysels, Hugo Van Dienderen, Mieke Vogels (until 11 January 1995) → Peter Luyten
1995 269,058 4.4
5 / 150
 Decrease 2 Opposition Frans Lozie, Jef Tavernier, Hugo Van Dienderen, Lode Vanoost, Joos Wauters
1999 434,449 7.0
9 / 150
 Increase 4 Coalition Eddy Boutmans (until 12 October 1999) → Leen Laenens, Anne-Mie Descheemaeker, Kristien Grauwels, Simonne Leen, Fauzaya Talhaoui, Jef Tavernier (until 28 August 2002) → Liliane De Cock, Peter Vanhoutte, Lode Vanoost, Joos Wauters
2003 162,205 2.5
0 / 150
 Decrease 9 Extra-parliamentary
2007 265,828 4.0
4 / 150
 Increase 4 Opposition Template:Flagicon Meyrem Almaci, Template:Flagicon Wouter De Vriendt, Template:Flagicon Tinne Van der Straeten, Template:Flagicon Stefaan Van Hecke
2010 285,989 4.4
5 / 150
 Increase 1 Opposition Template:Flagicon Meyrem Almaci, Template:Flagicon Eva Brems, Template:Flagicon Kristof Calvo, Template:Flagicon Wouter De Vriendt, Template:Flagicon Stefaan Van Hecke
2014 358,947 5.3
6 / 150
 Increase 1 Opposition Template:FlagiconMeyrem Almaci, Template:FlagiconKristof Calvo, Template:FlagiconStefaan Van Hecke, Template:Flagicon Evita Willaert, Template:FlagiconWouter De Vriendt, Template:FlagiconAnne Dedry
2019 413,836 6.1
8 / 150
 Increase 2 External support (2020) Template:Flagicon Kim Buyst, Template:Flagicon Kristof Calvo, Template:Flagicon Barbara Creemers, Template:Flagicon Wouter De Vriendt, Template:Flagicon Jessica Soors (until 2020) → Template:Flagicon Eva Platteau, Template:Flagicon Stefaan Van Hecke, Template:Flagicon Dieter Van Besien, Template:Flagicon Kathleen Pisman
Coalition (2020–2025)
2024 324,608 4.7
6 / 150
 Decrease 2 Opposition

Senate

Election Votes % Seats +/−
1977 3,270 0.1
0 / 106
1978
0 / 106
1981 121,016 2.0
1 / 106
 Increase 1
1985 229,206 3.8
2 / 106
 Increase 1
1987 299,049 4.9
3 / 105
 Increase 1
1991 314,360 5.1
5 / 70
 Increase 2
1995 223,355 3.7
1 / 40
 Decrease 4
1999 438,931 7.1
3 / 40
 Increase 2
2003 161,024 2.5
0 / 40
 Decrease 3
2007 241,151 3.6
1 / 40
 Increase 1
2010 251,605 3.9
1 / 40
 Steady 0

Regional: Brussels

Election Votes % Seats +/− Government Elected Members of parliament
D.E.C. Overall
1989 4,821 1.1 (#12)
1 / 75
 Opposition Dolf Cauwelier
1995 3,906 1.0 (#11)
0 / 75
 Decrease 1 Opposition
1999[a] 13,223 21.8 (#4) 3.1 (#8)
0 / 75
 Steady 0 Opposition Adelheid Byttebier (until 6 June 2003; replaced Mieke Vogels as Flemish minister) → Anne Van Asbroeck (SP.A)
2004 6,132 9.8 (#5) 1.4 (#10)
1 / 89
 Increase 1 Opposition Adelheid Byttebier
2009 5,806 11.2 (#5) 1.3 (#10)
2 / 89
 Increase 1 Coalition Bruno De Lille (became Brussels-Capital Region state secretary) → Elke Van den Brandt, Annemie Maes
2014 9,551 17.9 (#5) 2.1 (#9)
3 / 89
 Increase 1 Opposition Bruno De Lille, Annemie Maes, Arnaud Verstraete
2019 14,425 20.6 (#1) 3.1 (#7)
4 / 89
 Increase 1 Coalition Elke Van den Brandt (became minister ) → Soetkin Hoessen, Arnaud Verstraete, Lotte Stoops, Juan Benjumea Moreno
2024 18,345 22.82 (#1)
4 / 89
 Steady 0 TBD

Regional: Flemish Parliament

Election Votes % Seats +/− Government Elected representatives
1995 267,155 7.1 (#6)
7 / 124
 Opposition Template:Flagicon Vera Dua, Template:Flagicon Jos Geysels, Template:Flagicon Johan Malcorps, Template:Flagicon Ludo Sannen, Template:Flagicon Jos Stassen, Template:Flagicon Ria Van Den Heuvel, Template:Flagicon Cecile Verwimp
1999 451,361 11.6 (#5)
12 / 124
 Increase 5 Coalition Template:Flagicon Magda Aelvoet (until 12 July 1999; became federal minister) → Ann De Martelaer, Template:Flagicon Veerle Declercq, Template:Flagicon Jos Geysels, Template:Flagicon Eloi Glorieux, Template:Flagicon Dirk Holemans, Template:Flagicon Johan Malcorps, Template:Flagicon Frans Ramon, Template:Flagicon Ludo Sannen (until 26 May 2003; replaced Vera Dua as Flemish minister) → Flor Ory (until 17 February 2004) → Ludo Sannen, Template:Flagicon Jos Stassen, Template:Flagicon Ria Van Den Heuvel, Template:Flagicon Jo Vermeulen, Template:Flagicon Vera Dua (became Flemish minister) → Isabel Vertriest (until 26 May 2003) → Vera Dua
2004 308,898 7.6 (#5)
6 / 124
 Decrease 6 Opposition Template:Flagicon Rudi Daems, Template:Flagicon Vera Dua, Template:Flagicon Eloi Glorieux, Template:Flagicon Jos Stassen, Template:Flagicon Jef Tavernier, Template:Flagicon Mieke Vogels
2009 278,211 6.8 (#7)
7 / 124
 Increase 1 Opposition Template:Flagicon Bart Caron, Template:Flagicon Elisabeth Meuleman, Template:Flagicon Dirk Peeters, Template:Flagicon Hermes Sanctorum, Template:Flagicon Luckas Vander Taelen, Template:Flagicon Mieke Vogels, Template:Flagicon Filip Watteeuw (until 31 December 2012)
2014 365,779 8.7 (#5)
10 / 124
 Increase 3 Opposition Template:Flagicon Imade Annouri, Template:Flagicon Bart Caron, Template:Flagicon Johan Danen, Template:Flagicon Elisabeth Meuleman, Template:Flagicon Ann Moerenhout, Template:Flagicon Ingrid Pira, Template:Flagicon Bjorn Rzoska, Template:Flagicon Hermes Sanctorum (until 2016; became independent), Template:Flagicon Wouter Van Besien, Template:Flagicon Elke Van den Brandt
2019 428,696 10.1 (#5)
14 / 124
 Increase 4 Opposition Template:Flagicon Meyrem Almaci, Template:Flagicon Jeremie Vaneeckhout, Template:Flagicon Johan Danen, Template:Flagicon Björn Rzoska, Template:Flagicon An Moerenhout, Template:Flagicon Stijn Bex, Template:Flagicon Mieke Schauvliege, Template:Flagicon Chris Steenwegen, Template:Flagicon Imade Annouri, Template:Flagicon Celia Groothedde, Template:Flagicon Elisabeth Meuleman, Template:Flagicon Ann De Martelaer, Template:Flagicon Staf Aerts, Template:Flagicon Tine Van den Brande
2024 304,688 7.17
9 / 124
 Decrease 5 Opposition

European Parliament

Election List leader Votes % Seats +/− EP Group
D.E.C. Overall
1979 Paul Staes 77,986 2.33 (#5) 1.43
0 / 24
 New −
1984 246,712 7.08 (#5) 4.31
1 / 24
 Increase 1 RBW
1989 446,539 12.20 (#4) 7.57
1 / 24
 Steady 0 G
1994 Magda Aelvoet 396,198 10.73 (#5) 6.64
1 / 25
 Steady 0
1999 Patsy Sörensen 464,042 11.98 (#6) 7.50
2 / 25
 Increase 1 Greens/EFA
2004 Bart Staes 320,874 7.99 (#5) 4.94
1 / 24
 Decrease 1
2009 322,149 7.90 (#6) 4.90
1 / 22
 Steady 0
2014 447,391 10.62 (#5) 6.69
1 / 21
 Steady 0
2019 Petra De Sutter 525,908 12.37 (#5) 7.81
1 / 21
 Steady 0
2024 Sara Matthieu 450,781 10.00 (#5) 6.31
1 / 21
 Steady 0

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  1. ^ In coalition with SP

See also

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References

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