Hydroiodic acid
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3D model (JSmol)
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| Properties | |||
| HI(aq) | |||
| Molar mass | 127.912 g·mol−1 (HI) | ||
| Appearance | colorless liquid when pure, darkens on exposure to oxygen | ||
| Odor | acrid | ||
| Density | 1.70 g/mL, azeotrope (57% HI by weight) | ||
| Boiling point | 127 °C (261 °F; 400 K) 1.03 bar, azeotrope | ||
| Aqueous solution | |||
| Acidity (pKa) | −9.3 (HI)[1] | ||
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| Flash point | Non-flammable | ||
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Other anions
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Related compounds
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Hydrogen iodide | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Template:Chembox Footer/trackingTemplate:Short description
Hydroiodic acid (or hydriodic acid) is a colorless liquid. It is an aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide with the chemical formula Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.HI(aq). It is a strong acid, in which hydrogen iodide is ionized completely in an aqueous solution. Concentrated aqueous solutions of hydrogen iodide are usually 48% to 57% HI by mass.[2]
Preparation
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Reactions
Hydroiodic acid reacts with oxygen in air to give iodine:
- Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.4 HI(aq) + O2 → 2 H2O + 2 I2
Like hydrogen halides, hydroiodic acid adds to alkenes to give alkyl iodides. It can also be used as a reducing agent, for example in the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to anilines.[3]
Cativa process
The Cativa process is a major end use of hydroiodic acid, which serves as a co-catalyst for the production of acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol.[4][5]
Illicit uses
Hydroiodic acid is listed as a U.S. Federal DEA List I Chemical, owing to its use as a reducing agent related to the production of methamphetamine from ephedrine or pseudoephedrine (recovered from nasal decongestant pills).[6]
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Perrin, D. D., ed. (1982) [1969]. Ionisation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution. IUPAC Chemical Data (2nd ed.). Oxford: Pergamon (published 1984). Entry 32. ISBN 0-08-029214-3. LCCN 82-16524.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kumar, J. S. Dileep; Ho, ManKit M.; Toyokuni, Tatsushi (2001). "Simple and chemoselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to aromatic amines: reduction with hydriodic acid revisited". Tetrahedron Letters. 42 (33): 5601–5603. doi:10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01083-8.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jones, J. H. (2000). "The Cativa Process for the Manufacture of Acetic Acid" (PDF). Platinum Metals Rev. 44 (3): 94–105.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sunley, G. J.; Watson, D. J. (2000). "High productivity methanol carbonylation catalysis using iridium - The Cativa process for the manufacture of acetic acid". Catalysis Today. 58 (4): 293–307. doi:10.1016/S0920-5861(00)00263-7.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Skinner, Harry F. (1990). "Methamphetamine synthesis via hydriodic acid/Red phosphorus reduction of ephedrine". Forensic Science International. 48 (2): 123–134. doi:10.1016/0379-0738(90)90104-7.
External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 1326
- European Chemicals Bureau
- Viscosities of Aqueous Hydrochloric Acid Solutions, and Densities and Viscosities of Aqueous Hydroiodic Acid Solutions
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