Iodine monochloride
Page Template:Chembox/styles.css has no content.
Template:Chembox IndexlistTemplate:Chembox CompToxTemplate:Chembox OHS (set)Template:Chembox Datapage check
| |||
| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. | |||
| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
Iodine monochloride Iodine(I) chloride | |||
| Systematic IUPAC name
Chloroiodane | |||
| Other names
Iodine chloride
| |||
| Identifiers | |||
| Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. | |||
3D model (JSmol)
|
Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. | ||
| ChemSpider | Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. | ||
| EC Number | Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. | ||
| MeSH | Iodine-monochloride | ||
PubChem CID
|
Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. | ||
| RTECS number | Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. | ||
| UNII | Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. | ||
| UN number | 1792 | ||
| |||
| |||
| Properties | |||
| ICl | |||
| Molar mass | 162.35 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | reddish-brown | ||
| Density | 3.10 g/cm3 | ||
| Melting point | 27.2 °C (81.0 °F; 300.3 K) (α-form) 13.9 °C (β-form) | ||
| Boiling point | 97.4 °C (207.3 °F; 370.5 K) | ||
| Hydrolyzes | |||
| Solubility | soluble in CS2 acetic acid pyridine alcohol, ether, HCl | ||
| −54.6×10−6 cm3/mol | |||
| Hazards | |||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | https://chemicalsafety.com/sds1/sdsviewer.php?id=30683304 | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related interhalogen compounds
|
Chlorine monofluoride Bromine monochloride Iodine monobromide | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |||
Template:Chembox Footer/trackingTemplate:Short description
Iodine monochloride is an interhalogen compound with the formula ICl. It is a red-brown chemical compound that melts near room temperature. Because of the difference in the electronegativity of iodine and chlorine, this molecule is highly polar and behaves as a source of I+. Discovered in 1814 by Gay-Lussac, iodine monochloride is the first interhalogen compound discovered.[1]
Preparation
Iodine monochloride is produced simply by combining the halogens in a 1:1 molar ratio, according to the equation
- Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.I2 + Cl2 → 2 ICl
When chlorine gas is passed through iodine crystals, one observes the brown vapor of iodine monochloride. Dark brown iodine monochloride liquid is collected. Excess chlorine converts iodine monochloride into iodine trichloride in a reversible reaction:
- Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.ICl + Cl2 ⇌ ICl3
Polymorphs
ICl has two polymorphs; α-ICl, which exists as black needles (red by transmitted light) with a melting point of 27.2 °C, and β-ICl, which exists as black platelets (red-brown by transmitted light) with a melting point 13.9 °C.[2]
In the crystal structures of both polymorphs the molecules are arranged in zigzag chains. β-ICl is monoclinic with the space group P21/c.[3]
Reactions and uses
Iodine monochloride is soluble in acids such as HF and HCl but reacts with pure water to form HCl, iodine, and iodic acid:
- Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.ICl + H2O → HCl + HI + Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.1⁄2O2
- Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.2 ICl + H2O → 2 HCl + I2 + Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.1⁄2O2
- Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.5 ICl + 3 H2O → 5 HCl + HIO3 + 2 I2
ICl is a useful reagent in organic synthesis.[2] It is used as a source of electrophilic iodine in the synthesis of certain aromatic iodides.[4] It also cleaves C–Si bonds.
ICl will also add to the double bond in alkenes to give chloro-iodo alkanes.
- RCH=CHR′ + ICl → RCH(I)–CH(Cl)R′
When such reactions are conducted in the presence of sodium azide, the iodo-azide RCH(I)–CH(N3)R′ is obtained.[5]
The Wijs solution, iodine monochloride dissolved in acetic acid, is used to determine the iodine value of a substance.
It can also be used to prepare iodates, by reaction with a chlorate. Chlorine is released as a byproduct.
Iodine monochloride is a Lewis acid that forms 1:1 adducts with Lewis bases such as dimethylacetamide and benzene.
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 790. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Brisbois, Ronald G.; Wanke, Randall A.; Stubbs, Keith A.; Stick, Robert V. (2004). "Iodine Monochloride". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. doi:10.1002/047084289X.ri014. ISBN 0-471-93623-5.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Carpenter, G. B.; Richards, S. M. (1 April 1962). "The crystal structure of β-iodine monochloride". Acta Crystallographica. 15 (4): 360–364. Bibcode:1962AcCry..15..360C. doi:10.1107/S0365110X62000882.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wallingford, V. H.; Krüger, P. A. (1943). "5-Iodo-anthranilic Acid". Organic Syntheses; Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Collected Volumes, vol. 2, p. 349.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Padwa, A.; Blacklock, T.; Tremper, A. "3-Phenyl-2H-Azirine-2-carboxaldehyde". Organic Syntheses; Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Collected Volumes, vol. 6, p. 893.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Template:Chlorides
