List of Jewish ethnonyms
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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Sidebar/configuration' not found. An ethnonym is the name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms (where the name of the ethnic group has been created by another group of people) and autonyms or endonyms (self-designation; where the name is created and used by the ethnic group itself). This article does not cover ethnic slurs.
List
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| Afrikaans | Jood |
| Albanian | çifut (i/ja) (ethnic) |
| hebre (u/ja) (ethnic) | |
| izraelit (i/ja) | |
| Arabic | يهودي Yahūdī (sl.); يهود Yahūd (pl.) بنو إسرائيل Banū Isra’il عبري ʕibrī |
| Armenian | հրեա hrea (sing.); հրեաներ hreaner (pl.) |
| Basque | Judu or judutar |
| Bengali | ইহুদী Ihudī, ইহুদি Ihudi |
| Bulgarian | Евреин, evrein (masc.); еврейка, evreika (fem.); евреи, evrei (pl.); юдеи, yudei (pl., archaic) |
| Bosnian | Jevrej, Jevrejin, Židov, Ćifut, Ćifo/Ćifko (probably from Turkish (Çıfıt) or Kurdish (Cihû), derogatory) |
| Catalan | Jueu (masc. sig.); jueus (masc. pl.), jueva (fem. sing.); jueves (fem. pl.) |
| Chinese | 猶太人, Chinese, Traditional |
| 犹太人, Chinese, Simplified, pinyin: Yóutài Rén | |
| Cornish | Yedhoweth |
| Croatian | Židov |
| Czech | Žid (as a member of nation) or žid (as a confessor of Judaism) |
| Danish | Jøde (sing.); Jøder (pl.) |
| Dutch | Jood |
| English | Jews, see Jew (word)1 |
| Hebrews2 | |
| Israelites or Children of Israel3 | |
| Esperanto | Script error: No such module "Lang"..[1] L.L. Zamenhof described himself as Script error: No such module "Lang".. |
| Estonian | Juut |
| Finnish | Juutalainen |
| French | Juif (masc.); Juive (fem.), old formal term israélite (as in the Crémieux Decree) |
| Galego | Xudeu (masc. sing.); Xudía (fem. sing.); Xudeus (masc. pl.); Xudías (fem. pl.) |
| Georgian | ებრაელი, Ebraeli |
| German | Jude (masc.); Jüdin (fem.); Juden (pl.) |
| Greek | Script error: No such module "Lang"., Ioudaios1 |
| Script error: No such module "Lang"., Hebraios (from Evrei)2 | |
| Script error: No such module "Lang"., Israelites (from Israel)3 | |
| Hebrew | יהודי, Yehudi (sl.m); יהודיה, Yehudia (sl.f); יהודים, Yehudim/Yehudioth (pl.) 1 |
| עברי, Ivri (sl.m); עבריה, Ivria (sl.f); עברים, Ivrim/Ivrioth2 | |
| בני ישׂראל, Bnei Yisrael (pl.)3 | |
| Hindi | यहूदी Yahūdī |
| Hungarian | zsidó |
| Icelandic | gyðingur (sl.) |
| Indonesian/Malay | Yahudi, Banī Israel |
| Irish | Giúdach |
| Italian | Giudeo (masc. sing.); giudei (masc. pl.). This word has mostly a pejorative connotation, "ebreo" is nowadays preferred;[2] |
| Ebreo (masc. sing.); ebrei (masc. pl.); ebrea (fem. sing.); ebree (fem. pl.) | |
| Japanese | ユダヤ人, Yudayajin |
| Korean | 유태인, Yutae-in |
| Kurdish | Cihû, Mûsayî/مووسایی, Cûleke/جوله که |
| Ladino | djudio, Judio (singular) |
| los ebreos (the Jews) | |
| Latin | Iudaeus1 |
| Latvian | Ebrejs (masc. sg.), ebrejiete (fem. sg.), ebreji (masc. pl.), ebrejietes (fem. pl). The terms žīds (masc. sg.), žīdiete (fem. sg.), žīdi (masc. pl.) and žīdietes (fem. pl.) were also used alongside up until World War II as a neutral ethnonym. However, post-World War II mainly due to it being used in the Nazi propaganda and the influence of Russian, the term has become to be traditionally considered derogatory. |
| Lithuanian | Žydas (sg.), žydai (pl.) |
| Luganda | Abayudaya (from "people of Judah")[3] |
| Norwegian | Jøde |
| Ojibwe | Zhoodawi (from the French: judéité) or Joowiwi (from the English: Jew) |
| Persian | جهود or يهود -- Johud (Persian) or Yahūd (from Middle Persian Yahūt) |
| کلیمی, Kalimi (religious) a follower of Kalim Allah, also a euphemism for Johud. | |
| Polish | Żyd (sg.), Żydzi (pl. neutral), Żydowie (pl. respectful), Żydy (pl. contemptuous)[4]; żyd (sg.), żydzi (pl. neutral), żydowie (pl. respectful), żydy (pl. contemptuous) — as a confessors of Judaism |
| Portuguese | Judeu; judeus (masc. pl.); judia; judias (fem. pl.). Also hebreus and israelitas (both masc. pl.) |
| Romanian | Evreu, israelit, jidov (archaic), ovrei (archaic and demeaning), jidan (highly pejorative) |
| Russian | Еврей, Yevrey (sg.); Евреи, Yevrei2 (pl.): Typically denotes the ethnicity; жид, zhid (masc. sing, pejorative), жидовка, zhidovka (fem. sing., pejorative); Russian language being rich in inflection, there is a large number of pejorative forms derived from the two basic ones. |
| Иудей, Iudey (sg.); Иудеи, Iudei1 (pl.): Typically denotes the followers of Judaism. | |
| Scottish Gaelic | Iùdach (sing. nom.) Iùdaich (pl. nom.)[5] |
| Serbian | Јевреј Jevrej |
| Slovak | Žid |
| Spanish | Judío (m. sing) Judía (f. sing) Judíos (plu) Judías (f. plu) |
| Hebreo (m. sing) Hebrea (f. sing) Hebreos (plu) Hebreas (f. plu) | |
| Israelita (sing) Israelitas (plu) as in "Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina". | |
| Swahili | Yahudi |
| Swedish | Jude |
| Tamazight | uday (pronounced Script error: No such module "IPA".) |
| Tagalog | Hudyo, Israelita (both derived from Spanish) |
| Thai | คนยิว, khon yiu (from the English: Jew) |
| Tibetan | Yahutapa |
| Ukrainian | Жид (sl.); Жиди (pl.) |
| Urdu | یہودی Yahūdī (sl.); یہود Yahūd (pl.) |
| Vietnamese | người Do Thái |
| Turkish | Yahudi, Çıfıt (religious, and ethnic) something related to, or a follower of Judaism, latter usually considered pejorative. |
| Musevi, (religious) a follower of Moses, also a euphemism for Yahudi. | |
| İbrani, (ethnic) Hebrews. | |
| Welsh | Iddewon |
| Yiddish | איד,ייִד Yid1 (pronounced Script error: No such module "IPA".) (sing.); ייִדן, Yidn (pronounced Script error: No such module "IPA".) (pl.) |
See also
Footnotes
- 1 Ioudaios, Yehudi, Jewish, a "Judaean", "from the land of Yehuda (Judah, Judea)".
- 2 Ivri, Hebrew, "one who passes over", a reference to the Biblical patriarch Abraham (or possibly Eber).
- 3 Israel, "one who has struggled with God", the name given to the Biblical patriarch Jacob.
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."judo". Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto 2020 (in Esperanto). Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda. 2020. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."giudeo - Dizionario italiano-inglese WordReference". www.wordreference.com.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Pomerance, Rachel. "Uganda's Jews finally have their day at the Mikvah". Retrieved 2006-01-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ^ Anna Wierzbicka, The Semantics of Grammar, Template:ISBN, 1988, p. 456
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Haldane, Robert (1849). The righteousness of God = Fireantachd Dh: air a tional o mhineachadh air an Litir a chum nan Romanach. Edinburgh: Scottish Tract Society.
