Jizera (river)
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| Jizera Izera | |
|---|---|
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| Native name | Template:Native name checker |
| Location | |
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| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | |
• location | Elbe |
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• elevation | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| Length | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
Basin size | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| • minimum | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| • average | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| • maximum | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Template:RElbe |
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The Jizera (Template:Langx, Template:Langx) is a river in the Czech Republic and for a brief stretch in Poland. It is a right tributary of the Elbe and flows through the Liberec and Central Bohemian regions. It is 167.0 km (103.8 mi) long, making it the 10th longest river in the Czech Republic.
Etymology
The first written mention of Jizera (as Gizera) is from the 13th century. The origin of the name is most likely Celtic and is derived from the verbal root -eis, -ois, -is, meaning 'to flow briskly'. It has the same etymology as the Isar in Germany, the Yser/IJzer in Belgium and France, the Isère in France and probably the River Aire in England.[1]
Characteristic
The Jizera originates in the Jizera Mountains. Two sources of the river are defined. The first spring (so-called "Czech spring of the Jizera") is located on the slopes of the Smrk mountain in the territory of Lázně Libverda on the Czech side of the border at an elevation of Template:Cvt, and for centuries it was considered the only source of the Jizera. In the 1990s, the so-called "Polish spring of the Jizera" was determined (on the slopes of Stóg Izerski in the territory of Gmina Mirsk on the Polish side at an elevation of Template:Cvt), as the source of a headwater that is longer and more substantial than the Czech one, but historically it was a separate stream with a different name.[2][3]
The Jizera flows to Lázně Toušeň, where it enters the Elbe at an elevation of Template:Cvt. Considering the "Czech spring of the Jizera", it is 167.0 km (103.8 mi) long, making it the 10th longest river in the Czech Republic. Considering the "Polish spring of the Jizera", it is 167.5 km (104.1 mi) long, of which 1.4 km (0.9 mi) is in Poland. The Czech-Polish border is formed by 17 km (11 mi) of the river. Its drainage basin has an area of 2,193.4 km2 (846.9 sq mi), of which 2,145.2 km2 (828.3 sq mi) is in the Czech Republic.[4][5]
The longest tributaries of the Jizera are:[6]
| Tributary | Length (km) | River km | Side |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mohelka | 41.6 | 61.4 | right |
| Kamenice | 36.9 | 101.0 | right |
| Oleška | 36.0 | 106.3 | left |
| Klenice | 29.3 | 36.9 | left |
| Žehrovka | 26.3 | 66.9 | left |
| Zábrdka | 24.5 | 55.2 | right |
| Jizerka | 21.5 | 121.7 | left |
| Libuňka | 21.4 | 78.4 | left |
| Strenický potok | 20.3 | 30.6 | right |
| Bělá | 15.0 | 49.1 | right |
A notable tributary is also the Mumlava, which has an average discharge near estuary at 1.98 m3/s (70 cu ft/s).
Course
The largest settlement on the river is the city of Mladá Boleslav. The river flows past Kořenov, Rokytnice nad Jizerou, Jablonec nad Jizerou, Semily, Železný Brod, Malá Skála, Turnov, Mnichovo Hradiště, Bakov nad Jizerou, Mladá Boleslav, Benátky nad Jizerou, Předměřice nad Labem, Tuřice, Nový Vestec, Káraný and Lázně Toušeň.
Bodies of water
There are no reservoirs and fishponds built directly on the Jizera. The largest body of water in the basin area is the Josefův Důl Reservoir with an area of Template:Cvt, built on the Kamenice. There are 1,350 bodies of water in the basin area.[4]
Fauna
There are many species of molluscs in the river. Among the most endangered species are Cochlodina dubiosa corcontica, Daudebardia brevipes, Planorbis carinatus, Clausilia cruciata, Euconulus praticola, Pseudotrichia rubiginosa, Ruthenica filograna, Semilimax kotulae, Vertigo alpestris, Vertigo antivertigo and Vitrea subrimata.[7]
The Jizera is one of the cleanest rivers in the country and there is a high density of fish, which is why it is popular for fishing. The upper and middle courses are mainly inhabited by brown trout and grayling.[8]
Economy
Jizera is a resource of drinking water for the city of Prague and the central part of the Central Bohemian Region. It supplies Prague with drinking water from approximately one third of the total need, the rest of Prague's need is covered by water from the Švihov Reservoir. From Benátky nad Jizerou to its on-flow, the Jizera is surrounded by bank infiltration system, and in the municipality of Sojovice the water is being pumped for artificial infiltration.[9]
Tourism
The Jizera is suitable for river tourism. Due to its mountainous character, the upper course is popular among experienced paddlers, but within the entire river there are sections of all difficulties.[8]
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Svoboda, Jiří (2011-09-08). "O původu názvů českých řek" (in čeština). Archived from the original on 2020-10-25. Retrieved 2019-07-12.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Waters, Josef. "Jak je to s Jizerou?". estudanky.eu (in čeština). Retrieved 2023-09-21.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pilous, Vlastimil. "Pramen Jizery nekonečný příběh?" (PDF). estudanky.eu (in čeština). Retrieved 2023-09-21.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Základní charakteristiky toku Jizera a jeho povodí" (in čeština). T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute. Retrieved 2025-06-02.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Vymezení oblasti povodí a jeho částí" (PDF) (in čeština). Povodí Labe. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-03-31. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Vodní toky". Evidence hlásných profilů (in čeština). Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. Retrieved 2024-10-14.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Horáčková, Jitka; Ložek, Vojen; Juřičková, Lucie. "Malakofauna v nivě Jizery (Severní Čechy) [The mollusc fauna of the Jizera floodplain (North Bohemia)" (PDF). Malacologica Bohemoslovaca (in čeština). 12. Masaryk University: 48–59. ISSN 1336-6939. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Jizera – řeka mnoha tváří" (in čeština). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Vodárna v Káraném" (in čeština). Vodárna Káraný a.s. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
External links
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- River flow at Předměřice station – Flood Warning and Forecasting Service of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute
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