Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

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Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
TypeNon-departmental public body
LocationTemplate:Pluralize from textPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Key people
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Budget£65.6 millionLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Employees1,100
Websitewww.kew.org

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Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. An internationally important botanical research and education institution, it employs 1,100 staff.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Its board of trustees is chaired by Dame Amelia Fawcett.

The organisation manages botanic gardens at Kew in Richmond upon Thames in south-west London, and at Wakehurst Place, a National Trust property in Sussex which is home to the internationally important Millennium Seed Bank, whose scientists work with partner organisations in more than 95 countries.[1] Kew, jointly with the Forestry Commission, founded Bedgebury National Pinetum in Kent in 1923, specialising in growing conifers.[2] In 1994, the Castle Howard Arboretum Trust, which runs the Yorkshire Arboretum, was formed as a partnership between Kew and the Castle Howard Estate.[3]

In 2025, the organisation had 2,250,355 public visitors at Kew, and 433,216 at Wakehurst.[4] Its 326-acre (132 ha) site at Kew has 40 historically important buildings; it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003.[5] The collections at Kew and Wakehurst include over 27,000 taxa of living plants,[6] 8.3 million plant and fungal herbarium specimens[7] and over 2.4 billion seeds collected from nearly 40,000 species in the Millennium Seed Bank.[8]

Mission

The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew states that its mission is to apply scientific discovery and research to fully develop the information about and potential uses of plants and fungi.[9]

A conference held in 1976 by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew was important as it established a co-ordinating body in order to determine which threatened plants are in cultivation and where they are located which played a role in plant conservation.[10]

Governance

Kew is governed by a board of trustees which comprises a chairman and eleven members. Ten members and the chairman are appointed by the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. The monarch appoints their own trustee on the recommendation of the Secretary of State.[11]

As of February 2026 the Board members are:[11]

Kew Science

Scientific staff

More than 470 scientists work for the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[12] The Director of Science is Alexandre Antonelli.[13] The Deputy Directors are Elizabeth Gardner, Paul Kersey and Monique Simmonds.[14]

Kew Science staff include those of the Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre.[15]

Databases

The scientific staff at Kew maintain a variety of plant and fungal data and digital resources, including those listed below.[16]

Plants of the World Online

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Plants of the World Online is an online database launched in March 2017 as one of nine strategic outputs with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by 2020". It links taxonomic data with images from the collection, to provide a single point of access with information on identification, distribution, traits, conservation, molecular phylogenies and uses.[17]

International Plant Names Index

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The International Plant Names Index (IPNI) includes information from the Index Kewensis, a project which began in the 19th century to provide an "Index to the Names and Authorities of all known flowering plants and their countries".[18] The Harvard University Herbaria and the Australian National Herbarium co-operate with Kew in the IPNI database, which was launched in its present form in 1999 to produce an authoritative source of information on botanical nomenclature including publication details of seed plants, ferns and lycophytes. It is a nomenclatural listing of all published taxonomic plant names including new species, new combinations and new names at rank of botanical family down to infraspecific. It provides data for other related projects including Tropicos and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).[19]

Neotropikey

Neotropikey is an international project, based at Kew Gardens, on the flowering plants of the Neotropics (tropical South and Central America).[20][21][22]

World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) is a register of accepted scientific names and synonyms of 200 selected seed plant families. WCSP is widely used, and most authoritative web resources on plants use it as their basis.[23][19]

World Checklist of Vascular Plants

The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) includes all known vascular plant species (flowering plants, conifers, ferns, clubmosses, and firmosses). It is derived from the WCSP and the IPNI and therefore only includes names found in those databases. It is the taxonomic database for Plants of the World Online. Since WCSP includes only selected families, WCVP will seek to complete the process.[24][19] [25]

World Checklist of Useful Plant Species

The World Checklist of Useful Plant Species[1] lists 40,292 species, including nine non-plant taxa (e.g. nostoc, forkweed, brown algae), compiled from multiple pre-existing datasets.[26][<span title="Script error: No such module "decodeEncode".">clarification needed]

Collaborative projects

The Plant List and World Flora Online

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Kew also cooperated with the Missouri Botanical Garden and other international bodies in The Plant List (TPL). Unlike the IPNI, it provided information on which names are currently accepted. The Plant List was an Internet encyclopedia project which was launched in 2010 to compile a comprehensive list of botanical nomenclature.[27] The Plant List had records for 1,064,035 scientific names for plant species, representing 350,699 accepted plant species. In addition, the list had records for 642 plant families and 17,020 plant genera. It was last updated in 2013, and was superseded by World Flora Online,[28][29] which was developed as its successor in 2012, aiming to include all known plants by 2020.[29][30]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."How we work". Millennium Seed Bank. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Forestry Commission England. "History of Bedgebury National Pinetum". www.forestry.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Background". The Yorkshire Arboretum. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."ALVA – Association of Leading Visitor Attractions". www.alva.org.uk. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Guinness World Records 2011. Guinness World Records. 2010. pp. 69. ISBN 978-1-904994-57-2.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Living Collections". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Paton, Alan; Willis, Kathy; Smith, Rhian (15 March 2018). "Launching the Science Collections Strategy 2018–2028". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Seed Collection". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."About us". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Prance, Ghillean T. (December 2010). "A brief history of conservation at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". Kew Bulletin. 65 (4): 501–508. Bibcode:2010KewBu..65..501P. doi:10.1007/s12225-010-9231-2. ISSN 0075-5974. S2CID 42245259.
  11. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Board of Trustees". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 July 2025.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kew Science". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Professor Alexandre Antonelli". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Organisational structure and staff: Science". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."UK and Islands – Madagascar". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Data and digital resources". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  17. ^ Template:Cite taxon
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hooker, Joseph Dalton (1893). Preface. Index Kewensis plantarum phanerogamarum: nomina et synonym omnium generum et specierum a linnaeo usque as annum MDCCLXXXV complectans nomine recepro auctore patria unicuique planta subjectis: sumptibus beati Caroli Roberti Darwin ductu et consilio Josephi D. Hooker. 2 vols [Index Kewensis: an enumeration of the genera and species of flowering plants from the time of Linnaeus to the year 1885 inclusive together with their authors names, the works in which they were first published, their native countries and their synonyms: compiled at the expense of the late Charles Robert Darwin under the direction of Joseph D. Hooker]. By Jackson, Benjamin Daydon. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (at Biodiversity Heritage Library)
  19. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Turner, Robert; Govaerts, Rafaël (2019). Challenges of Integrating and Curating Nomenclatural and Taxonomic Data in the World Checklist of Vascular Plants. SI87 - Empowering the taxonomic community by linking information through names and taxonomy. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards (Conference abstract). Vol. 3. p. e37226. doi:10.3897/biss.3.37226.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Key to the Flowering Plant Families of the Neotropics". lucidcentral.org. 12 November 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bishop, Joe. "Developing an identification key for the economically important genus Inga". Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Neotropical Flowering Plants". Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020.
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". Kew Science. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  24. ^ Template:Cite taxon
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Govaerts, Rafaël; Nic Lughadha, Eimear; Black, Nicholas; Turner, Robert; Paton, Alan (2021). "The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity". Scientific Data. 8 (1): 215. Bibcode:2021NatSD...8..215G. doi:10.1038/s41597-021-00997-6. PMC 8363670. PMID 34389730.
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Diazgranados, Mauricio; Allkin, Bob; Black, Nicholas; Cámara-Leret, Rodrigo; Canteiro, Cátia; Carretero, Julia; Eastwood, Ruth; Hargreaves, Serene; Hudson, Alex; Milliken, William; Nesbitt, Mark; Ondo, Ian; Patmore, Kristina; Pironon, Samuel; Turner, Robert; Ulian, Tiziana (2020). "World Checklist of Useful Plant Species". The Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity. doi:10.5063/F1CV4G34.
  27. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Paton, Alan (2013). "What's in a name? New version of The Plant List released". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  28. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Plant List". The Plant List. 1.1. September 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  29. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."World Flora Online: An Online Flora of All Known Plants". The World Flora Online Consortium. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  30. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."About the World Flora Online Project". The World Flora Online Consortium. Retrieved 16 January 2025.

Sources

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