Luba-Katanga language
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| Kiluba | |
|---|---|
| Luba-Katanga | |
| Kiluba | |
| Native to | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Region | Katanga Province |
Native speakers | 3,101,000 (2024)Template:Ethnologue24 does not exist |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | Template:ISO 639-1 |
| ISO 639-2 | Template:ISO 639-2 |
| ISO 639-3 | lub |
| Glottolog | luba1250 |
L.33[1] | |
| ELP | Template:Endangered Languages Project |
| Linguasphere | Template:Infobox language/lingualist |
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Luba-Katanga, also known as Luba-Shaba and Kiluba (Template:Langx), is a Bantu language (Zone L) of Central Africa. It is spoken mostly in the south-east area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo by the Luba people.[2]
Kiluba is spoken in the area around Kabongo, Kamina, Luena, Lubudi, Malemba Nkulu, Mulongo, Kabalo and Kaniama, mostly in Katanga. Kiluba is not and has never been mutually intelligible with Tshiluba. From linguistic analysis it can also be seen that neither was derived from the other due to linguistic and tonal compositions. The two groups of people have distinct historical origins according to their oral traditions and history.
Just like the vast majority of bantu languages, they both distinctly have bantu dialects to which they are closely related to and share historical ties with.
Writing
Luba-Katanga has 22 letters, 5 vowels and 17 consonants.
Vowels: A E I O U
Consonants: B D F G H J K L M N P S T V W Y Z
Phonology
Vowels
A five vowel system with vowel length is present in Luba-Katanga:
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | u uː | |
| Mid | e eː | o oː | |
| Open | a aː |
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labio- dental |
Alveolar | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
| vl. prenasal | ᵐp | ⁿt | ᵑk | |||
| vd. prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | (ɸ) | f | s | ʃ | |
| voiced | (β) | v | z | ʒ | ||
| vl. prenasal | ᶬf | ⁿs | ⁿʃ | |||
| vd. prenasal | ᶬv | ⁿz | ⁿʒ | |||
| Approximant | l | j | w | |||
- /p, b/ can have the allophones [ɸ, β] when in intervocalic positions or before a semivowel.[3]
Sample text
Sample text in Luba-Katanga- Pādi palembwe amba mwingidi wa “Tattannu, muledi wa Bukila bwa Munonga” —ko kunena’mba i enka Tatenai utelelwe ne mu mukanda wa mu Bible wa Ezela.
Translation
It identifies a witness to the transaction as a servant of “Tattannu, governor of Across-the-River” —the same Tattenai who appears in the Bible book of Ezra.
(Translation from Jehovah's Witnesses)
References
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- ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Batibo, Herman (January 2005). Language Decline and Death in Africa. Multilingual Matters. p. 74. ISBN 1-85359-808-9.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nkiko, Munya Rugero (1975). Esquisse grammaticale de la langue luba-shaba (parler de Kasongo Nyembo). Lubumbashi: Université Nationale du Zaïre.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Samuel Phillips Verner (1899). Mukanda wa Chiluba. Spottiswoode. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
External links
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