Chopi language
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Chopi (also spelled Copi, Tschopi, and Txopi), is a Bantu language spoken along the southern coast of Mozambique.
Maho (2009) lists the possibly extinct Lenge dialect as a distinct language.[1]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | whstld. | lateral | |||||||
| Click | voiceless | ᵏǃ | |||||||
| aspirated | ᵏǃʰ | ||||||||
| voiced | ᶢǃ | ||||||||
| prenasal vl. | ᵑǃᵏ | ||||||||
| prenasal vd. | ᵑǃᶢ | ||||||||
| Nasal | plain | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
| murmured | mʱ | nʱ | ɲʱ | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | |||||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | ||||||
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | |||||
| implosive | ɓ | ɗ | (ʄ) | ||||||
| prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | ||||||
| murmured/pren. | ᵐbʱ | ⁿdʱ | ᵑɡʱ | ||||||
| Affricate | voiceless | p͡f | t͡s | Script error: No such module "IPA". | t͡ɬ | t͡ʃ | |||
| aspirated | p͡fʰ | t͡sʰ | Script error: No such module "IPA". | t͡ɬʰ | t͡ʃʰ | ||||
| voiced | (b͡v) | d͡z | Script error: No such module "IPA". | d͡ɮ | d͡ʒ | ||||
| prenasal | ᶬb͡v | ⁿd͡z | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ⁿd͡ɮ | ᶮd͡ʒ | ||||
| murmured/pren. | ⁿd͡zʱ | ⁿd͡ɮʱ | ᶮd͡ʒʱ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ɬ | ʃ | h | ||
| voiced | v | z[a] | Script error: No such module "IPA".[a] | ɮ[a] | ʒ[a] | ||||
| Rhotic | r | ||||||||
| Approximant | lateral | l | |||||||
| central | ʋ | j | w | ||||||
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- Sounds Script error: No such module "IPA"., are typically heard as labial-alveolar affricates Script error: No such module "IPA"., however in recent years there has been a shift in pronunciation having them pronounced purely as alveolar.
- Consonants when preceding Script error: No such module "IPA". are always either palatalized Script error: No such module "IPA". or labialized Script error: No such module "IPA"..
- /ɟ/ may also be heard as an implosive Script error: No such module "IPA". in free variation.
- /v/ may also be heard as an affricate Script error: No such module "IPA". in free variation.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
- Nasalized vowel sounds [Ṽ] may be heard when preceding nasal consonants.[2]
References
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- ^ a b Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bailey, Richard Anthony (1995). "Issues in the phonology and orthography of Chopi (ciCopi S 61)". In Traill, A.; Vossen, R.; Biesele, M. M. A. (eds.). The complete linguist: papers in memory of Patrick J. Dickens. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe. pp. 135–170. ISBN 978-3-927620-84-1.
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