Panicum sumatrense
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Scientific classification 
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Panicum miliare auct. non Lam. | |
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Panicum sumatrense, known as little millet, is a species of millet in the family Poaceae.
Description
This species of cereal is similar in habit to the proso millet except that it is smaller. It is an annual herbaceous plant, which grows straight or with folded blades to a height of 30 centimetres (12 in) to 1 metre (39 in). The leaves are linear, with the sometimes hairy laminae and membranous hairy ligules. The panicles are from Template:Cvt in length with Template:Cvt long awn. The grain is round and smooth, Template:Cvt long.
Subspecies
There have been two subspecies described:
- Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. psilopodium (Trin.) Wet.
- Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. sumatrense
Distribution and habitat
In the temperate zones of Asia: the Caucasus, China, East Asia and also in the tropics of the continent: India, Indochina and Malaysia.
It can withstand both drought and waterlogging. It can be cultivated up to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level.
At the Indus Valley Civilisation sites of Harappa and Farmana, the millet assemblage was dominated by little millet.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Over 10,000 grains of little millet were recovered at Harappa.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. At Harappa, little millet cultivation peaked at around 2600 BCE, accounting for around 5% of the total cereal assemblage.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Cultivation
The largest cultivation is in central India. Usually, it is planted using a seed drill. It can also if necessary be planted spoiled. The green plant can also be used in part as cattle feed. The straw can be mixed with clay or cement be used in construction.
The harvest yield is from 230 to 900 kg/ha.
Pests
Pests include the shoot fly Atherigona pulla,[2] which also affects proso millet.[3]
Other insect pests include:[4]
- shoot fly, Atherigona miliaceae
- armyworms, Mythimna separata and Spodoptera frugiperda
- Leaf feeders
- caterpillars: Aloa lactinea, Amsacta albistriga, Euproctis virguncula, and Paramsacta moorei
- flea beetles: Chaetocnema basalis, Chaetocnema indica, and Chaetocnema denticulata
- larvae of the leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis
- grasshoppers: Chrotogonus hemipterus, Acrida exaltata, Aiolopus simulatrix, and Aiolopus tamulus
- Earhead feeders
- bugs Nezara viridula and Dolycoris indicus
- Panicle pests
- spotted stalk borer Chilo partellus
- Others
- Nephotettix virescens, Nephotettix nigropictus, and Nisia atrovenosa
- sugarcane leafhopper, Pyrilla perpusilla
- midge, Orseolia sp.
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| Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |||||||||||||||
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| Energy | 341 kcal (1,430 kJ) | ||||||||||||||
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67.0 g | |||||||||||||||
| Dietary fiber | 7.6 g | ||||||||||||||
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4.7 g | |||||||||||||||
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7.7 g | |||||||||||||||
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| †Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults.[5] | |||||||||||||||
Uses
Little millet is cooked like rice. Sometimes the millet is also milled and baked. The protein content of the grain is 7.7%.
Common names
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Notes
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- ^ Template:Cite iucn
- ^ Sathish, R., M. Manjunatha, and K. Rajashekarappa. 2017. Effect of intercropping on incidence of shoot fly, Atherigona pulla (Wiedemann) in little millet. Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5: 1845–1849.
- ^ Sathish, R., M. Manjunatha, and K. Rajashekarappa. 2017. Incidence of shoot fly, Atherigona pulla (Wiedrmann) on proso millet at different dates o sowing. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. 5: 2000–2004.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kalaisekar, A (2017). Insect pests of millets: systematics, bionomics, and management. London: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-804243-4. OCLC 967265246.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 2024-03-27. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
References
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- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bergamini, Nadia; et al. (2013). "Minor millets in India: a neglected crop goes mainstream". In Fanzo, Jessica; et al. (eds.). Diversifying Food and Diets: Using agricultural biodiversity to improve nutrition and health (PDF). Routledge.
- W. Franke, (1985): Nutzpflanzenkunde. Stuttgart.
- H. Genaust: Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen. 3. Aufl., 701 S. Basel-Boston-Stuttgart, 1996.
- V. H. Heywood: Blütenpflanzen der Welt. Basel-Boston-Stuttgart, 1978
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Weber, Steve (2013). "The vanishing millets of the Indus civilization". Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. 3 (1): 9–15. doi:10.1007/s12520-013-0143-6. S2CID 129862671.
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