Lycian alphabet

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Lycian
Script type
Alphabet
Period
c.500 – c.200 BC
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LanguagesLycian language
Related scripts
Parent systems
Sister systems
Carian, Lydian, Phrygian
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.Lyci Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.(202), ​Lycian
Unicode
Unicode alias
Lycian
U+10280–U+1029F
Template:Infobox writing system/ipa-note
File:Decree of Pixodaros.jpg
The Decree of Pixodaros in the Lycian script

Template:Contains special characters The Lycian alphabet was used to write the Lycian language of the Asia Minor region of Lycia. It was an extension of the Greek alphabet, with half a dozen additional letters for sounds not found in Greek. It was largely similar to the Lydian and the Phrygian alphabets.

The alphabet

The Lycian alphabet[1][2] contains letters for 29 sounds. Some sounds are represented by more than one symbol, which is considered one "letter". There are six vowel letters, one for each of the four oral vowels of Lycian, and separate letters for two of the four nasal vowels. Nine of the Lycian letters do not appear to derive from the Greek alphabet.

The Lycian alphabet
Lycian letter Transliteration IPA Notes
Template:Script/Lycian a Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian b Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian g Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian d Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian i Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian w Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian z Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian h Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian θ [θ]
Template:Script/Lycian j or y Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian k Script error: No such module "IPA". Script error: No such module "IPA". after nasals
Template:Script/Lycian l Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA".~Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian m Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian n Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian u Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian p Script error: No such module "IPA". Script error: No such module "IPA". after nasals
Template:Script/Lycian κ or c Script error: No such module "IPA".? Script error: No such module "IPA".? Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian r Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA".~Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian s Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian t Script error: No such module "IPA". Script error: No such module "IPA". after nasals. ñt is Script error: No such module "IPA". as in Template:Script/Lycian / Script error: No such module "Lang". for Greek Script error: No such module "Lang". / Script error: No such module "Lang"..[3]
Template:Script/Lycian e Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian ã Script error: No such module "IPA". Template:Script/Lycian / Script error: No such module "Lang". for Greek Script error: No such module "Lang". / Script error: No such module "Lang"..[4]
Template:Script/Lycian ẽ Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian m̃ Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA". originally perhaps syllabic Script error: No such module "IPA"., later coda Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian ñ Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA". originally perhaps syllabic Script error: No such module "IPA"., later coda Script error: No such module "IPA".
Template:Script/Lycian τ Script error: No such module "IPA".? Script error: No such module "IPA".?
Template:Script/Lycian q Script error: No such module "IPA". Script error: No such module "IPA". after nasals
Template:Script/Lycian β Script error: No such module "IPA".? Script error: No such module "IPA".? voiced after nasals
Template:Script/Lycian χ Script error: No such module "IPA". Script error: No such module "IPA". after nasals

Numbers

Lycian uses the following number symbols: I (vertical stroke) = 1, < ("less than" sign) (or, rarely, L or C or V or Y) = 5, O (circle) = 10; a horizontal stroke — is one half;[5] a symbol somewhat like our letter H may mean 100.[6]

The number 128½ would therefore be expressed as HOO<III—.

Unicode

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The Lycian alphabet was added to the Unicode Standard in April, 2008 with the release of version 5.1. It is encoded in Plane 1 (Supplementary Multilingual Plane).

The Unicode block for Lycian is U+10280–U+1029F:

LycianPage Template:Citation/styles.css has no content.[1]Page Template:Citation/styles.css has no content.[2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+1028x Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian
U+1029x Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian Template:Script/Lycian
Notes
  1. Page Template:Citation/styles.css has no content.^Template:Unicode version
  2. Page Template:Citation/styles.css has no content.^Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Adiego (2007) page 764.
  2. ^ Bryce (1986) pages 56-57.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bryce, T. R. (January 1986). "The Pronunciation of Delta in Greek and Lycian". Classical Philology. 81 (1): 56–58. doi:10.1086/366958. JSTOR 269877. S2CID 162200292. First page displayable no charge.
  4. ^ Bryce (1986) page 58.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Laroche, Emmanuel (1979). "L'inscription lycienne". Fouilles de Xanthos. VI: 51–128: 100–101.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Melchert, H. Craig. "The Trilingual Inscription of the Létôon. Lycian Version" (PDF). Achemenet. Retrieved 2021-03-04.

References

  • Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Adiego, I. J. (2007). "Greek and Lycian". In Christidis, A. F.; Arapopoulou, Maria; Chriti, Maria (eds.). A History of Ancient Greek From the Beginning to Late Antiquity. Chris Markham (trans.). Cambridge University press. ISBN 978-0-521-83307-3.. Translator Chris Markham.
  • Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bryce, Trevor R. (1986). The Lycians - Volume I: The Lycians in Literary and Epigraphic Sources. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 87-7289-023-1.
  • Roger D. Woodard, 2007, The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor.

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