Developed country

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File:Compartison of countries by 7 criteria of development.svg
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A developed country, or advanced country,[1][2] is a country that has a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are: gross domestic product (GDP), gross national income (GNI), per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living.[3] Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate. Different definitions of developed countries are provided by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA), the World Bank, the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Paris Club and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), while the Human Development Index is used to rank countries on the composite basis of life expectancy, education, and income per capita.

Developed countries have generally more advanced post-industrial economies, meaning the tertiary sector provides more wealth than the secondary sector. They are contrasted with developing countries, which are in the process of industrialisation or are pre-industrial and almost entirely agrarian, some of which might fall into the category of least developed countries. As of 2023, advanced economies constitute 57.3% of global GDP based on nominal value and 41.1% of global GDP based on purchasing power parity (PPP) according to the IMF.[4]

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Definition and criteria

Economic criteria have tended to dominate discussions. One such criterion is the income per capita; countries with the high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita would thus be described as developed countries. Another economic criterion is industrialisation; countries in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate would thus be described as developed. More recently, another measure, the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines an economic measure, national income, with other measures, indices for life expectancy and education has become prominent. This criterion would define developed countries as those with a very high (HDI) rating. The index, however, does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most advanced countries, such as the G7 members and others.[5][6]

According to the United Nations Statistics Division:

There is no established convention for the designation of "developed" and "developing" countries or areas in the United Nations system.[7]

And it notes that:

The designations "developed" and "developing" are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.[8]

Nevertheless, the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) considers that this categorization can continue to be applied:

The developed economies broadly comprise Northern America and Europe, Israel, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Australia, and New Zealand.[9]

Similar terms

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Terms linked to the concept developed country include "advanced country", "industrialized country", "more developed country" (MDC), "more economically developed country" (MEDC), "Global North country", "first world country", and "post-industrial country". The term industrialized country may be somewhat ambiguous, as industrialisation is an ongoing process that is hard to define. The first industrialized country was the United Kingdom, followed by Belgium. Later it spread further to Germany, United States, France and other Western European countries. According to some economists such as Jeffrey Sachs, however, the current divide between the developed and developing world is largely a phenomenon of the 20th century.[10]

Mathis Wackernagel calls the binary labeling of countries as "neither descriptive nor explanatory. It is merely a thoughtless and destructive endorsement of GDP fetish. In reality, there are not two types of countries, but over 200 countries, all faced with the same laws of nature, yet each with unique features."[11]

A 2021 analysis proposes the term emerged to describe markets, economies, or countries that have graduated from emerging market status, but have not yet reached the level equivalent to developed countries.[12] Multinational corporations from these emerging markets present unique patterns of overseas expansion and knowledge acquisition from foreign countries.

Economy lists by various criteria

Human Development Index (HDI)

HDI in 2023 to 2025
Subnational HDI in 2023 to 2025
World map
The world map representing Human Development Index categories (based on 2023 data, published in 2025)Template:Image key

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World map
World map of countries or territories by Human Development Index scores in increments of 0.050 (based on 2023 data, published in 2025)Template:Image key

The UN HDI is a statistical measure that gauges an economy's level of human development. While there is a strong correlation between having a high HDI score and being a prosperous economy, the UN points out that the HDI accounts for more than income or productivity. Unlike GDP per capita or per capita income, the HDI takes into account how income is turned "into education and health opportunities and therefore into higher levels of human development."

Since 1990, Norway (2001–2006, 2009–2019), Japan (1990–1991 and 1993), Canada (1992 and 1994–2000) and Iceland (2007–2008) have had the highest HDI score.

The following countries in the year 2023 are considered to be of "very high human development":[13]

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WESP developed economies

File:WESP countries map.svg
Countries classified as developed economies by UNDESA's World Economic Situation and Prospects report.

According to the World Economic Situation and Prospects report by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA), the following 37 countries are classified as "developed economies" as of January 2026:[14]

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World Bank high-income economies

File:High income countries map.svg
Map of world economies based on the World Bank income classification for the 2026 fiscal year.

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According to the World Bank, the following sovereign states and territories across are classified as "high-income economies", having a nominal GNI per capita in excess of $13,935 as of the 2025 fiscal year:[15]

Non-sovereign entities appear in italics.

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Development Assistance Committee members

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  Member nations
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  Associates

There are 32 OECD member countries and the European Union—in the Development Assistance Committee (DAC),[16] a group of the world's major donor countries that discusses issues surrounding development aid and poverty reduction in developing countries.[17] The following OECD member countries are DAC members:

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IMF advanced economies

File:IMF advanced economies map.svg
World map of advanced economies based on the World Economic Outlook, April 2026.

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According to the International Monetary Fund, 43 countries and territories are officially listed as "advanced economies",[18] with the addition of 6 microstates and dependencies listed by the CIA but omitted from the IMF version:[19]

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d The CIA has modified an older version of the IMF's list of advanced economies, noting that it "would presumably also cover the following nine smaller countries of Andorra, Bermuda, Faroe Islands, Guernsey, Holy See, Jersey, Liechtenstein, Monaco, and San Marino[...]". San Marino (2012), Andorra (2021) and Liechtenstein (2025) were later included in the IMF's list.[20]

Paris Club members

File:Paris Club permanent members map.svg
Permanent members of the Paris Club

There are 22 permanent members in the Paris Club (Template:Langx), a group of officials from major creditor countries whose role is to find coordinated and sustainable solutions to the payment difficulties experienced by debtor countries.

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UNIDO high-income industrial economies

File:High-income industrial economies map.svg
World map of high-income industrial economies (HIIEs), according to UNIDO.

According to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), 48 countries and one territory are categorized as "high-income industrial economies".[21] This classification, first implemented in 2022, is assigned to economies that have achieved a high national income through a development path resulting in high levels of industrialization.[21] UNIDO determines this status by evaluating three core dimensions of the manufacturing sector: value added (manufacturing value added per capita), historical employment share, and the quality of exports (average exports of medium- and high-technology products).[21] Previously, UNIDO's top-tier classification of "industrialized economies" included countries that were not high-income economies, e.g. Belarus and Malaysia.[22]

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Comparative table

Comparative table of countries with a "very high" human development (0.800 or higher), according to the UNDP; "developed" economies, according to the World Economic Situation and Prospects report by UNDESA; "high-income" economies, according to the World Bank; DAC members; "advanced" economies, according to the IMF; Paris Club members; and/or "high-income industrial economies", according to UNIDO.

Year of inclusion in brackets; non-sovereign entities in italics.

Country HDI[23] WESP WB[24] DAC IMF[20] Paris Club UNIDO[25][26][27][21]
File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania Green tickY (2025) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra Green tickY (2003) Red XN Green tickY (1990) Red XN Green tickY (2021) Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda Green tickY (2007) Red XN Green tickY (2012) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Green tickY (2006) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Green tickY (2025) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Green tickY (1990) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1966) Green tickY (1980)[28] Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria Green tickY (1992) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1965) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas Green tickY (2016) Red XN Green tickY (1987) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain Green tickY (2012) Red XN Green tickY (2001) Red XN Red XN Red XN Green tickY (2024)[26]
File:Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados Green tickY (2016) Red XN Green tickY (2006) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Green tickY (2012) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Green tickY (1990) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1961) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina Green tickY (2025) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Green tickY (2017) Red XN
File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei Green tickY (1999) Red XN Green tickY (1990) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN[27]
File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Green tickY (2021) Green tickY (2007) Green tickY (2023) Red XN Green tickY (2026)[18] Red XN Green tickY (2025)[27]
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Green tickY (1990) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1961) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile Green tickY (2007) Red XN Green tickY (2012) Red XN Red XN Red XN Green tickY (2025)[27]
File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica Green tickY (2019) Red XN Green tickY (2024) Red XN Red XN Red XN Green tickY (2026)[21]
File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia Green tickY (2007) Green tickY (2013) Green tickY (2017) Red XN Green tickY (2023) Red XN Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Green tickY (2001) Green tickY (2004) Green tickY (1988) Red XN Green tickY (2001) Red XN Green tickY (2025)[27]
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechia Green tickY (2001) Green tickY (2004) Green tickY (2006) Green tickY (2013) Green tickY (2009) Red XN Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Green tickY (1991) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1963) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2025)[27]
File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Green tickY (2003) Green tickY (2004) Green tickY (2006) Green tickY (2023) Green tickY (2011) Red XN Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland Green tickY (1994) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1975) Green tickY (1980)[28] Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of France.svg France Green tickY (1993) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1961) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia Green tickY (2019) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany Green tickY (1990) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1961) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece Green tickY (2001) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1996) Green tickY (1999) Green tickY (1989)[29] Red XN Green tickY (2025)[27]
File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana Red XN Red XN Green tickY (2022) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Hong Kong.svg Hong Kong Green tickY (????) Red XN Green tickY (????) Red XN Green tickY (1997)[30] Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Green tickY (2005) Green tickY (2004) Green tickY (2014) Green tickY (2016) Red XN Red XN Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland Green tickY (1990) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (2013) Green tickY (1980)[28] Red XN Green tickY (2025)[27]
File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland Green tickY (1996) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1985) Green tickY (1980)[28] Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel Green tickY (1991) Red XN Green tickY (1987) Red XN Green tickY (1997)[30] Green tickY (2014) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Green tickY (1995) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1961) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan Green tickY (1990) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1961) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan Green tickY (2015) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait Green tickY (2014) Red XN Green tickY (1987) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia Green tickY (2005) Green tickY (2004) Green tickY (2012) Green tickY (2025) Green tickY (2014) Red XN Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein Green tickY (2000) Red XN Green tickY (1990) Red XN Green tickY (2025) Red XN Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Green tickY (2005) Green tickY (2004) Green tickY (2012) Green tickY (2022) Green tickY (2015) Red XN Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Green tickY (1992) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1992) Green tickY (19??) Red XN Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Macau.svg Macau Red XN (N/A)[a] Red XN Green tickY (1994) Red XN Green tickY (2016) Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Green tickY (2016) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta Green tickY (2003) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (2002) Red XN Green tickY (2008) Red XN Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius Green tickY (2025) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco Green tickY (1990)[31] Red XN Green tickY (1990) Red XN Green tickY (2008)[19] Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro Green tickY (2013) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru Red XN Red XN Green tickY (2019) Red XN Red XN Red XN Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands Green tickY (1990) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1961) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Green tickY (1990) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1973) Green tickY (1980)[28] Red XN Green tickY (2022)
Template:Country data North Macedonia Green tickY (2025) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Green tickY (1990) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1962) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2025)[27]
File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman Green tickY (2012) Red XN Green tickY (2007) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Palau.svg Palau Red XN Red XN Green tickY (2023) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama Green tickY (2019) Red XN Green tickY (2021) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN[25][26]
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland Green tickY (2003) Green tickY (2004) Green tickY (2009) Green tickY (2013) Red XN Red XN Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal Green tickY (2005) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1994) Green tickY (1991) Green tickY (1989)[29] Red XN Green tickY (2025)[27]
File:Flag of Puerto Rico.svg Puerto Rico Red XN (N/A)[a] Red XN Green tickY (2002) Red XN Green tickY (2016) Red XN Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar Green tickY (1996) Red XN Green tickY (1987) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania Green tickY (2013) Green tickY (2007) Green tickY (2021) Green tickY (2025) Red XN Red XN Green tickY (2023)[25]
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Green tickY (2013) Red XN Green tickY (2023) Red XN Red XN Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2025)[27]
File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis Green tickY (2011) Red XN Green tickY (2012) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino Green tickY (2021) Red XN Green tickY (2000) Red XN Green tickY (2012) Red XN Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia Green tickY (2010) Red XN Green tickY (2004) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia Green tickY (2019) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles Green tickY (2022) Red XN Green tickY (2014) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore Green tickY (1999) Red XN Green tickY (1987) Red XN Green tickY (1997)[30] Red XN Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia Green tickY (2006) Green tickY (2004) Green tickY (2007) Green tickY (2013) Green tickY (2009) Red XN Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia Green tickY (1998) Green tickY (2004) Green tickY (1997) Green tickY (2013) Green tickY (2007) Red XN Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea Green tickY (1999) Green tickY (2024) Green tickY (2001) Green tickY (2009) Green tickY (1997)[30] Green tickY (2016) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Green tickY (1995) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1991) Green tickY (1980)[28] Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Green tickY (1990) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1965) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Green tickY (1990) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1968) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan Green tickY (N/A)[Note 1] Red XN Green tickY (1987) Red XN Green tickY (1997)[30] Red XN Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago Green tickY (2021) Red XN Green tickY (2006) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN[27]
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Green tickY (2015) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates Green tickY (2004) Red XN Green tickY (1987) Red XN Red XN Red XN Red XN
File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg United Kingdom Green tickY (1992) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1961) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Green tickY (1990) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (1987) Green tickY (1961) Green tickY (19??) Green tickY (????) Green tickY (2022)
File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Green tickY (2014) Red XN Green tickY (2012) Red XN Red XN Red XN Green tickY (2022)

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The Human Development Report does not include Taiwan because it is no longer a UN member state, nor is it included as part of the People's Republic of China.[32] Taiwan's Statistical Bureau calculated its HDI to be 0.926 based on UNDP's 2010 methodology,[33][34] which would place Taiwan well within the group of "very high human development" at 19th globally in 2021 within the 2022 UNDP report.[35][36]

References

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