Isotopes of magnesium

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox magnesium isotopes Magnesium (12Mg) naturally occurs as three stable isotopes: 24
Mg, 25
Mg, and 26
Mg. There are also 19 artificial radioisotopes that have been discovered, ranging from 18
Mg to 40
Mg (with the exception of 39
Mg). The longest-lived of them is 28
Mg with a half-life of 20.915 hours. The isotopes lighter than the stable ones mostly decay to isotopes of sodium, while those heavier decay to isotopes of aluminium.

A precise measurement of the neutron-rich 40Mg in 2019 showed an unexpected difference in its nuclear structure, compared to the lighter neighboring isotopes.[1][2]

File:Magnesium chart.png
The abundances of the naturally occurring isotopes of magnesium.

List of isotopes


Template:Isotopes table |-id=Magnesium-18 | 18
Mg[3] | style="text-align:right" | 12 | style="text-align:right" | 6 | | style="text-align:center" | 2021 | 4.0(3.4) zs | 2p | 16
Ne[n 1] | 0+ | | |-id=Magnesium-19 | 19
Mg | style="text-align:right" | 12 | style="text-align:right" | 7 | 19.034180(60) | style="text-align:center" | 2007 | 5(3) ps | 2p | 17
Ne | 1/2−# | | |-id=Magnesium-20 | rowspan=2|20
Mg | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 12 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 8 | rowspan=2|20.0187631(20) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | 1974 | rowspan=2|90.4(5) ms | β+ (69.7(1.2)%) | 20
Na | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+p (30.3(1.2)%) | 19
Ne |-id=Magnesium-21 | rowspan=4|21
Mg | rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 12 | rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 9 | rowspan=4|21.0117058(8) | rowspan=4 style="text-align:center" | 1965 | rowspan=4|120.0(4) ms | β+ (79.8(2.1)%) | 21
Na | rowspan=4|5/2+ | rowspan=4| | rowspan=4| |- | β+p (20.1(2.1)%) | 20
Ne |- | β+α (0.116(18)%) | 17
F |- | β+pα (0.016(3)%) | 16
O |-id=Magnesium-22 | 22
Mg | style="text-align:right" | 12 | style="text-align:right" | 10 | 21.99957060(17) | style="text-align:center" | 1961 | 3.8745(7) s | β+ | 22
Na | 0+ | | |-id=Magnesium-23 | 23
Mg | style="text-align:right" | 12 | style="text-align:right" | 11 | 22.99412377(3) | style="text-align:center" | 1939 | 11.3039(32) s | β+ | 23
Na | 3/2+ | | |-id=Magnesium-24 | 24
Mg | style="text-align:right" | 12 | style="text-align:right" | 12 | 23.985041689(14) | style="text-align:center" | 1920 | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 0+ | colspan=2 align=center|[0.7888, 0.7905] |-id=Magnesium-25 | 25
Mg | style="text-align:right" | 12 | style="text-align:right" | 13 | 24.98583697(5) | style="text-align:center" | 1920 | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 5/2+ | colspan=2 align=center|[0.09988, 0.10034] |-id=Magnesium-26 | 26
Mg[n 2] | style="text-align:right" | 12 | style="text-align:right" | 14 | 25.98259297(3) | style="text-align:center" | 1920 | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 0+ | colspan=2 align=center|[0.1096, 0.1109] |-id=Magnesium-27 | 27
Mg | style="text-align:right" | 12 | style="text-align:right" | 15 | 26.98434065(5) | style="text-align:center" | 1934 | 9.435(27) min | β− | 27
Al | 1/2+ | | |-id=Magnesium-28 | 28
Mg | style="text-align:right" | 12 | style="text-align:right" | 16 | 27.98387543(28) | style="text-align:center" | 1953 | 20.915(9) h | β− | 28
Al | 0+ | | |-id=Magnesium-29 | 29
Mg | style="text-align:right" | 12 | style="text-align:right" | 17 | 28.9886072(4) | style="text-align:center" | 1971 | 1.30(12) s | β− | 29
Al | 3/2+ | | |-id=Magnesium-30 | rowspan=2|30
Mg | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 12 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 18 | rowspan=2|29.9904655(14) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | 1971 | rowspan=2|317(4) ms | β− (> 99.94%) | 30
Al | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−n (< 0.06%) | 29
Al |-id=Magnesium-31 | rowspan=2|31
Mg | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 12 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 19 | rowspan=2|30.996648(3) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | 1977 | rowspan=2|270(2) ms | β− (93.8(1.9)%) | 31
Al | rowspan=2|1/2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−n (6.2(1.9)%) | 30
Al |-id=Magnesium-32 | rowspan=2|32
Mg | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 12 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 20 | rowspan=2|31.999110(4) | rowspan=2 style="text-align:center" | 1977 | rowspan=2|80.4(4) ms | β− (94.5(5)%) | 32
Al | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−n (5.5(5)%) | 31
Al |-id=Magnesium-33 | rowspan=3|33
Mg | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 12 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 21 | rowspan=3|33.0053279(29) | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | 1979 | rowspan=3|92.0(1.2) ms | β− (86(2)%) | 33
Al | rowspan=3|3/2− | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β−n (14(2)%) | 32
Al |- | β−2n ? | 31
Al ? |-id=Magnesium-34 | rowspan=3|34
Mg | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 12 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 22 | rowspan=3|34.008935(7) | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | 1979 | rowspan=3|44.9(4) ms | β− (> 78.9(7.0)%) | 34
Al | rowspan=3|0+ | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β−n (21(7)%) | 33
Al |- | β−2n (< 0.1%) | 32
Al |-id=Magnesium-35 | rowspan=3|35
Mg | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 12 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 23 | rowspan=3|35.01679(29) | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | 1989 | rowspan=3|11.3(6) ms | β−n (52(46)%) | 34
Al | rowspan=3|(3/2−, 5/2−) | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β− (48(46)%) | 35
Al |- | β−2n ? | 33
Al ? |-id=Magnesium-36 | rowspan=3|36
Mg | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 12 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 24 | rowspan=3|36.02188(74) | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | 1989 | rowspan=3|3.9(1.3) ms | β− (52(12)%) | 36
Al | rowspan=3|0+ | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β−n (48(12)%) | 35
Al |- | β−2n ? | 34
Al ? |-id=Magnesium-36m | 36m
Mg | colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em"| 833 keV | style="text-align:center" | 2024 | 90(+80-7) ms | IT | 36
Mg | (0+) | |-id=Magnesium-37 | rowspan=3|37
Mg | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 12 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 25 | rowspan=3|37.03029(75) | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | 1996 | rowspan=3|8(4) ms | β− ? | 37
Al ? | rowspan=3|(3/2−) | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β−n ? | 36
Al ? |- | β−2n ? | 35
Al ? |-id=Magnesium-38 | rowspan=3|38
Mg | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 12 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 26 | rowspan=3|38.03658(54)# | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | 2002 | rowspan=3|3.1(4 (stat), 2 (sys)) ms[4] | β−n (81%) | 37
Al | rowspan=3|0+ | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β− (9%) | 38
Al |- | β−2n (9%) | 36
Al |-id=Magnesium-40 | rowspan=3|40
Mg | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 12 | rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 28 | rowspan=3|40.05319(54)# | rowspan=3 style="text-align:center" | 2007 | rowspan=3|1# ms [> 170 ns] | β− ? | 40
Al ? | rowspan=3|0+ | rowspan=3| | rowspan=3| |- | β−n ? | 39
Al ? |- | β−2n ? | 38
Al ? |- Template:Isotopes table/footer

See also

Daughter products other than magnesium

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Roberts, Glenn Jr. (2019-02-07). "New Measurements of Exotic Magnesium Suggest Surprising Shape-Shift". Berkeley Lab News Center. Retrieved 2023-09-10.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."NP A Change in Structure for a Superheavy Magnesium Isotope". science.osti.gov. 2019-08-01. Retrieved 2023-09-10.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jin, Y.; et al. (2021). "First observation of the four-proton unbound nucleus 18Mg". Physical Review Letters. 127 (262502) 262502. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.262502. OSTI 1837749. PMID 35029460. S2CID 245434485.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Crawford, H. L.; Tripathi, V.; Allmond, J. M.; et al. (2022). "Crossing N = 28 toward the neutron drip line: first measurement of half-lives at FRIB". Physical Review Letters. 129 (212501) 212501. Bibcode:2022PhRvL.129u2501C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.212501. PMID 36461950. S2CID 253600995.

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