Republic of Mainz
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Republic of Mainz / Rhenish-German Free State Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
| |
|---|---|
| March – July 1793 | |
| Status | Template:Infobox country/status text |
| Capital | Mainz |
| Common languages | German (Hessian dialects) Yiddish French |
| Government | Revolutionary republic |
| Historical era | French Revolutionary Wars |
| Template:Infobox country/multirow | |
| Template:Infobox country/formernext | |
| Today part of | Germany |
The Republic of Mainz was the first democratic state in the current German territory[1] and was centered in Mainz. A product of the French Revolutionary Wars, it lasted from March to July 1793.
Context
During the War of the First Coalition against France, the Prussian and Austrian troops that had invaded France retreated after the Battle of Valmy, allowing the French revolutionary army to counterattack. The troops of General Custine entered the Palatinate in late September and occupied Mainz on 21 October 1792. The ruler of Mainz, Elector-Archbishop Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal, had fled the city.
Jacobin club
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Founding
By order of the French National Convention, elections in the French-occupied territories west of the Rhine were held on 24 February 1793.[2] 130 cities and towns sent their deputies to Mainz.[2] The first[2] democratically elected parliament on the territory of future Germany, called the Script error: No such module "Lang". (Template:Langx), met initially on 17 March 1793, in the Deutschhaus building in Mainz (today the seat of the Rhineland-Palatinate state parliament). The convention declared the represented territory (which extended to Bingen in the west and to Landau in the south) to be free and democratic, and disclaimed any ties to the empire. The convention's president, Andreas Joseph Hofmann, proclaimed the Rhenish-German Free State (Template:Langx) from the balcony of the Deutschhaus. On 21 March 1793, it was decided to seek the accession of the Free State to France[3][page needed] and delegates (among them Georg Forster and Adam Lux) were sent to Paris. The French National Convention granted the request on 30 March.
End
Soon after, Prussian troops retook all the French-occupied territory except for the heavily fortified city of Mainz itself. After a long siege in which much of the city was destroyed, Prussian and Austrian troops conquered the city on 22 July 1793. The republic ended, and the Jacobins were persecuted until 1795 when Mainz came under French control again.
Notes
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- ^ The short-lived republic is often ignored in identifying the "first German democracy", in favour of the Weimar Republic; e.g. "the failure of the first German democracy after the First World War (the Weimar Republic)..." (Peter J. Burnell, Democracy Assistance: international co-operation for democratization 2000:131), or Ch. 3. 'The First Attempt at Democracy, 1918–1933', in Michael Balfour, West Germany: a contemporary history, 1982:60
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Der 18. März 1793. Der Rheinisch-deutsche Nationalkonvent in Mainz" [18 March 1793: The Rhenish-German National Convention in Mainz]. Script error: No such module "Lang".(Central archive of Rhineland-Palatinate). 18 March 2003. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2012. Template:In lang
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Scheel, Heinrich (1993). "Andreas Joseph Hofmann, Präsident des Rheinisch-Deutschen Nationalkonvents". In Landtag Rheinland-Pfalz (ed.). Die Mainzer Republik : der Rheinisch-Deutsche Nationalkonvent (in Deutsch). Mainz: V. Hase & Koehler. OCLC 32666345.
Further reading
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Blanning, T. C. W. (1983). The French Revolution in Germany. Occupation and Resistance in the Rhineland 1792–1802. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-822564-4.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Blanning, T. C. W. (1974). Reform and Revolution in Mainz 1743–1803. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-20418-6.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Störkel, Arno (1994). The Defenders of Mayence in 1792: A Portrait of a Small European Army at the Outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars. Canberra: The University of New South Wales.
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