Dciriku language
Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.
| Dciriku | |
|---|---|
| Gciriku | |
| Rumanyo | |
| Region | Kavango East |
| Ethnicity | Vagciriku, Vamanyo, Vashambyu |
Native speakers | 82,000 (2004–2018)Template:Ethnologue25 does not exist |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | diu |
| Glottolog | diri1252 |
K.331,334 (K.332)[1] | |
| ELP | Template:Endangered Languages Project |
| Linguasphere | Template:Infobox language/lingualist |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Template:Infobox language/lingualist | |
| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. | |
Page Template:Infobox/styles-images.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".
Dciriku, or Gciriku (Diriku, Dirico, Manyo or Rumanyo), is a Bantu language spoken by 305,000 people along the Kavango River in Namibia, Botswana and Angola. 24,000 people speak Dciriku in Angola, according to Ethnologue.[2] It was first known in the west via the Vagciriku, who had migrated from the main Vamanyo area and spoke Rugciriku, a dialect of Dciriku. The name Gciriku (Dciriku, Diriku) remains common in the literature, but within Namibia the name Rumanyo has been revived.[3] The Mbogedu dialect is extinct; Maho (2009) lists it as a distinct language, and notes that the names 'Manyo' and 'Rumanyo' are inappropriate for it.
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | ɑ |
Consonants
- Clicks are mainly dental [ǀ], but may also have various articulation points as [ǁ], [ǃ].
- Most consonants are also palatalized [ʲ] or labialized [ʷ] when before glides /j, w/.
- /ɡ/ is realized as a fricative [χ] in Afrikaans loanwords.[4]
Clicks
It is one of several Bantu languages of the Okavango which have click consonants, as in Script error: No such module "IPA". 'bed', Script error: No such module "IPA". 'flower', and Script error: No such module "IPA". 'tortoise'. These clicks, of which there are half a dozen (c, gc, ch, and prenasalized nc and nch), are generally all pronounced with a dental articulation, but there is broad variation between speakers. They are especially common in place names and in words for features of the landscape, reflecting their sources in Khwe and Ju, two so-called Khoisan languages. Many of the words with clicks in Gciriku, including those in native Bantu vocabulary, are shared with Kwangali, Mbukushu, and Fwe.[5]
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Angola". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2019-07-19.
- ^ Nordic journal of African studies, Volume 12, 2003
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Möhlig, Wilhelm Johann Georg (2005). A Grammatical Sketch of Rugciriku (Rumanyo). Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gunnink, Hilde; Sands, Bonny; Pakendorf, Brigitte; Bostoen, Koen (1 December 2015). "Prehistoric language contact in the Kavango-Zambezi transfrontier area: Khoisan influence on southwestern Bantu languages". Journal of African Languages and Linguistics. 36 (2): 193–232. doi:10.1515/jall-2015-0009. hdl:1854/LU-7005944.
External links
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Authority control/config' not found.
