Margi language
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| Margi | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Nigeria |
| Region | Adamawa, Borno, Gombe, Yobe State |
| Ethnicity | Margi people |
Native speakers | 240,000 (2020)Template:Ethnologue25 does not exist |
Afro-Asiatic
| |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mrt |
| Glottolog | marg1265 |
| ELP | Template:Endangered Languages Project |
| Linguasphere | Template:Infobox language/lingualist |
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| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. Ethnic territories of the Marghi-speaking people in Nigeria (pinkish red) | |
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Margi, also known as Marghi and Marghi Central, is a Chadic language (a branch of Afroasiatic) spoken in Nigeria, Cameroon, and Chad. It is perhaps the best described of the Biu–Mandara branch of that family. Marghi South language and Putai are closely related and sometimes considered dialects of Margi.
There are several kinds of Marghi language, including Madube, Izge, Lassa, Gulak, Damboa, Mulgwai, Uba and Sukur.
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | (i) | ɨ | (u) |
| Mid | (ɛ) | (ɔ) | |
| Low | a |
According to Maddieson (1987), Margi is noted for having a vertical vowel system, with only two phonemic vowels, Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA"., in native vocabulary. Loan words also distinguish Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Consonants
Margi has a large consonant inventory, with a number of labialised consonants and typologically infrequent speech sounds such as a labiodental flap. Hoffmann (1963) describes 84 consonantal phonemes, a very large number compared to that of most languages. This system, with a great number of non-click consonants, compares to that of the Caucasian language Ubykh, having the largest inventory of any language without clicks. However, Hoffmann's list of consonants includes all sequences of consonant clusters occurring in onsets in the language. Many of these clusters have since been analysed as sequences, such as Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA"..[1] If labialized consonants are counted separately, there are 66 consonants that remain in the analysis, and 54 if it is interpreted as a Script error: No such module "IPA". sequence.
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Labio- velar |
Glottal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sibilant | lateral | |||||||||||||
| plain | lab. | plain | lab. | plain | lab. | plain | lab. | |||||||
| Nasal | m | mʷ | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋʷ | ||||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | pʷ | t | tʷ | ts | tʃ | c | k | kʷ | ʔ | |||
| voiced | b | bʷ | d | dz | dʒ | ɟ | ɡ | ɡʷ | ||||||
| glot. implosive | ɓ̰ | ɓ̰ʷ | ɗ̰ | |||||||||||
| prenasal vl. | ᵐp | ⁿt | ⁿtʷ | ⁿts | ⁿtsʷ | ⁿtʃ | ᶮc | ᵑk | ᵑkʷ | |||||
| prenasal vd. | ᵐb | ᵐbʷ | ⁿd | ⁿdz | ⁿdʒ | ᶮɟ | ᵑɡ | ᵑɡʷ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | fʷ | s | sʷ | ɬ | ɬʷ | ʃ | ç | x | ʍ | |||
| voiced | v | vʷ | z | ɮ | ʒ | ʝ | ɣ | |||||||
| Approximant | central | l | j | w | ||||||||||
| glottalized | j̰ | w̰ | ||||||||||||
| Vibrant | ⱱ | r | ||||||||||||
The velar Script error: No such module "IPA". may be closer to an approximant Script error: No such module "IPA"..[2] The closely related language Bura is similar but has a palatalised lateral series as well. Script error: No such module "IPA". is used in mimesis rather than in lexical vocabulary. The glottalised consonants Script error: No such module "IPA". have been described as either creaky voiced or implosive; according to Maddieson, they are evidently both, as in Hausa.[3]
The sequences that Hoffmann included in his consonant inventory are all labial–coronal:
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See also
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 344. ISBN 0-631-19815-6. Labial coronal consonants are excedingly rare in the languages the world.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 165. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 85. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
- ^ There may be a few others, such as Script error: No such module "IPA"..
External links
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Further reading
- Hoffmann, C. 1963. A Grammar of the Margi Language. Oxford University Press for International African Institute, London.
- Maddieson, I. 1987. "The Margi vowel system and labiocoronals." Studies in African Linguistics, vol. 18, No. 3, Dec. 1987.
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