Mashriq

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Mashriq
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Countries and territoriesPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Major regional organizationsArab League, GCC, GAFTA, COMESA, Community of Sahel–Saharan States, Union for the Mediterranean
DemonymMashriqi
Population275,102,630 (2018)[1]
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ReligionIslam, Christianity, Mandaeism, Judaism, Druze, Samaritanism, Yezidism and Alawisim

The Mashriq (/məˈʃriːk/; Template:Langx), also known as the Arab Mashriq (Template:Langx), sometimes spelled Mashreq or Mashrek, is the eastern part of the Arab world, as opposed to the Maghreb (western region), located in West Asia and eastern North Africa.[2] It is the Arabic equivalent for the term Middle East.[3] Poetically the "Place of Sunrise", the name is derived from the verb sharaqa (Script error: No such module "Lang"., "to shine, illuminate, radiate" and "to rise"), from the sh-r-q root (Script error: No such module "Lang".), referring to the east, where the sun rises.[4][5]

The region includes the Arab-majority states of Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.[3][6][7][8]

Geography

Map depicting the area most conservatively known as the Mashriq[9][10][11][12]

As the word Mashriq refers to Arab countries located between the Mediterranean Sea and Iran, it is the companion term to Maghreb (Template:Langx), the western half of the Arab world comprising Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Libya. Libya may also be regarded as straddling the two regions. Cyrenaica in eastern Libya is considered part of the Mashriq, whereas Tripolitania in western Libya is considered part of the Maghreb. Therefore Sirtica or the Gulf of Sidra is considered the dividing point between the Maghreb and Mashreq within the Arab world.[7][8]

These geographical terms date from the early Islamic expansion. The Mashriq corresponds to the Bilad al-Sham and Mesopotamian regions combined.[13] As of 2014, the Mashriq is home to 1.7% of the global population.[14][15][16][17][18][19]

Cooperation

Map of the Arab Mashreq International Road Network

All of the countries located in the Arab Mashreq area are members of the Arab League, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, and the United Nations. The region cooperates in several projects including the Arab Mashreq International Road Network and the Arab Mashreq International Railway. Several nations are also members of the GCC and others have tried to achieve political unity in the past, such as the United Arab Republic in the 1950s and 1960s, which originally included both Egypt and Syria.

See also

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Economic interrogation in the mashriq" (PDF). world bank, siteresources. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-10-10.
  3. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Everett-Heath, John (2018). The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-186632-6. OCLC 1053905476.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Alvarez, Lourdes María (2009). Abu Al-Ḥasan Al-Shushtarī. Paulist Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-8091-0582-3.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Peek, Philip M.; Yankah, Kwesi (2003-12-12). African Folklore: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 442. ISBN 978-1-135-94873-3.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Mashriq | geographical region, Middle East". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
  7. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Libya - Geography". www.country-data.com. Retrieved 2023-06-12.
  8. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Le Gall, Michel; Perkins, Kenneth (2010). The Maghrib in Question: Essays in History and Historiography. University of Texas Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-292-78838-1.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."About ANPGR". www.aoad.org. Arab Network of Plant Genetic Resources. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Mashreq". www.aarinena.org. Association of Agricultural Research Institutions in the Near East & North Africa. Archived from the original on 2017-02-24. Retrieved 2016-05-02.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.""السلفية في المشرق العربي" من كتاب "الحركات الإسلامية في الوطن العربي" | مدونة جدران". www.judran.net. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."لماذا يستثنى الأردن من التقسيم؟ الوضع الداخلي هو العنصر الحاسم*فهد الخيطان" [Why is Jordan exempted from the division? The internal situation is a critical component * Fahd strings]. rasseen.com (in العربية). Rasseen. 2014-07-13.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Clancy-Smith, Julia (2013-11-05). North Africa, Islam and the Mediterranean World. Routledge. p. 98. ISBN 978-1-135-31213-8.
  14. ^ Official estimate of the Population of Egypt Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  15. ^ UN estimate for Lebanon
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Official Jordanian population clock". Archived from the original on January 17, 2012.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."National Main Statistical Indicators". State of Palestine – Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 2016-12-03. Retrieved 2016-05-02.
  18. ^ UN estimate for Syria
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Iraq". The World Bank. Retrieved 2023-12-21.

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